Relationships Flashcards

1
Q

What is Social Psychology?

A

All human interaction, looking at the need to affiliate, how we form relationships over time.

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2
Q

When is the need to affiliate the strongest?

A

During adolescence, 75% of our awake time spent in company.

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3
Q

Who found that the need to affiliate is strongest during adolescence?

A

Larson, 1982.

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4
Q

What did Schacher’s 1959 study find?

A

63% of high anxiety wanted company
33% of low anxiety wanted company

Shared experience = shared anxiety = bond

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5
Q

What increased during the recession?

A

Marriage rates

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6
Q

Why did Darwin claim we are social?

A

To preserve our genes.

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7
Q

Define altruism.

A

Our perceived closeness is more important than our genetic closeness.

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8
Q

What culture does the US have in comparison to countries such as China and Korea?

A
  • US has an Individualist culture.

- China etc has a Collectivist culture.

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9
Q

Define Affiliation.

A
  • Genereal drive to approach another human to seek out interaction.
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10
Q

Explain the Longlois and Roman 1990 study.

A
  • The more faces combined into one (averaged together) the more attractive the faces become.
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11
Q

Explain Longlois and Roman’s findings.

A
  • The more faces you average together the more imperfections are removed, so the more attractive a face becomes.
  • Male faces are more typical.
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12
Q

Why is Symmetry more attractive?

A
  • Brains are more able to process symmetrical information.
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13
Q

Why do faces become less symmetrical?

A
  • As we get older our faces become less symmetrical.
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14
Q

What did the Cogan study of 1996 show about preferred body type?

A
  • Larger women are preferred in less developed countries such as Ghana as a pose to the UK.
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15
Q

What did Cassidy say about preferred body type in 1991?

A
  • Larger body types are valued throughout history.
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16
Q

What did Anderson say about preferred body type in 1992?

A
  • Slim women are preferred where a reliable food supply is available (evolutionary perspective).
17
Q

Who came up with the waist to hip ratio?

A
  • Streeter and McBurney in 2003.
18
Q

What was the waist to hip ratio?

A
  • 0.7.
19
Q

Explain the idea of the waist to hip ration.

A
  • Ability to bear children.
20
Q

What did Dion and Bershed’s 1974 study find about physical attractiveness?

A
  • The more physically attractive you are the more more socially desirable you are.
21
Q

What was the Landy and Sigall study of 1974?

A
  • Grading female students work with a picture of them on the front.
  • General pattern was that those who were more attractive scored higher than when marked anonymously and when compared to those considered unattractive or without a picture on the front.
22
Q

What did Frieze find about attractiveness and salaries?

A

Attractive men and women gained higher salaries over time.

23
Q

How did Feingold contradict Frieze in 1992?

A
  • The attractiveness stereotype is not accurate - there is no relationship between attractiveness intelligence, dominance, self esteem and mental health.
24
Q

What do attractive people generally tend to be?

A
  • Less socially anxious, more socially skilled and less lonely.
  • This is a self-fulfilling prophecy.
25
Q

What dud Thornhill and Gangestad find about feremones in 1999?

A
  • Women can pick up a feremone indicating high facial symmetry.
26
Q

What did Penton and Voak find in relation to the Thornhill and Gangestad study?

A
  • Feminine faces are preferred when not fertile.
27
Q

Are opposites attracting portrayed in the media?

A
  • Many songs about it: Madonna, Paulo ab due.
  • “Birds of a feather flock together”.
  • Titanic, Big Bang theory shows opposites attracting on extreme scales.
28
Q

Give some studies that support the idea: similarity = more successful relationships.

A
  • Kandel 1978 - those of a similar demographic.
  • Newcomb 1961 - those with similar beliefs.
  • Byre and Nelson 1965 - those with similar attitudes.
29
Q

How does the idea of proximity play into relationships? (Festinger, Schachter and Bach 1950)

A
  • We’re close to those who live close.

- Familiarity.

30
Q

Explain the concept of Mere Exposure.

A
  • Zajonc 1968: found that people had a preference for novel symbols they were exposed to the most.
  • This has implications on advertising and campaigning.
31
Q

What study supports Zajonc’s Mere Exposure study?

A
  • Grush 1978: success in political campaign in USA predicted by the amount of media exposure.
  • Shopping channels offering free trials an e.g. of mere exposure used in action.
32
Q

What did the Moreland and Beach study (1992) find about mere exposure?

A
  • More attractive the female students were found was linked with the amount of times they’d attended the class.
33
Q

Define Passionate Love.

A
  • An intense longing.
34
Q

Is Love a drug?

A
  • Increased amount of dopamine.
35
Q

Explain the Schatcher and Singer 2 factor theory of emotion.

A
  1. External event.

2. Physiological arousal = increased heart rate.

36
Q

What did Dutton and Aron find about arousal conditions in 1974?

A
  • Misattribution of arousal.
  • More males contacted the female experimenter when they had just walked down the suspension bridge - thought to be due to their MOA.
  • They believed they were feeling sexually aroused at the sight of the female instead of towards the bridge.
37
Q

What is Hartfield and Walter 3 factor theory of 1981?

A
  1. Cultural understanding of love.
  2. Partner must fit expectation.
  3. Physiological arousal in presence/thinking about partner and attribute these to partner.