Sex, Drugs and Rock and Roll

Question 1

What is a subliminal message?

Answer 1

Beneath the level of consciousness, conveys a message by means of images, sounds of brief or hidden nature that cannot be experienced on a normal level of consciousness.

Question 2

Give an example of a study where subliminal advertising is used.

Answer 2

1957 Vicary - movie theatre exposed 45, 699 movie goers to brief messages about popcorn and coke in 0.3 second flashed “hungry? eat popcorn”, “thirsty? drink coca cola”.

Question 3

What were the results of the 1957 Vicary study?

Answer 3

• Increased sales of popcorn by 57.5%.

- Increased sales of coke by 18.1%.

Question 4

What is an embedded message?

Answer 4

Hidden messages that are not below our level of consciousness aimed to influence our behaviour.

Question 5

What did Key claim in 1977 to 1989?

Answer 5

That advertisers use “sex” as a subliminal message hiding the word in multiple adverts.

Claimed this was the only factor that may influence the memorability of these adverts.

Question 6

What dud Bullocks believe in 2004?

Answer 6

That the media colluded this activity.

Question 7

What did Vokey and Reed determine from their 1985 study? Who backed this up in 1996?

Answer 7

No effect and no reports of the word “sex” being seen.

Trappery’s meta analysis revealed little effect.

Question 8

What was a popular story in the media in the mid 1950s?

Answer 8

That there was a link between rock music and subversion.

Question 9

What is top down processing and who came up with it?

Answer 9

The suggestion that if we expect to see a perceived message we will see it.

Thorne and Himelstein 1984.

Question 10

How can fetishes be explained?

Answer 10

• Junginger 1985-1988 everyday experience has become linker with something arousing.
• Panlor’s learning theory - classical conditioning .
• Natural stimuli - Unconditioned Stimulus - Unconditioned response.

Question 11

What is Reefer Madness?

Answer 11

• 1963 propaganda film that presents weed as being linked with psychosis.

Question 12

Who found no link between cannabis and psychosis?

Answer 12

• Abel 1977: due to media misrepresentation.

Question 13

Who found a link between cannabis and psychosis?

Answer 13

• Macleod, however little evidence.

Question 14

Who released a chart outlining the harm caused by different drugs?

Answer 14

Nutt King and Phillips in 2010.

Question 15

What was the causal link found between users of canabis and psychosis?

Answer 15

• 4 fold increase in the chances of psychosis in high use.

- 2 fold increase in the chances of psychosis in moderate use.

Question 16

What is the link between high potency areas of cannabis and schizophrenia?

Answer 16

• Areas of high potency see a higher likely hood of users developing mental disorders such as schizophrenia.
• Murrau and Forte 2016.

Question 17

Define the term “Causal Link”.

Answer 17

1 thing happens due to another variable changing.

Question 18

What did Di Forte find in his 2015 study?

Answer 18

Greater risk in areas where higher potency cannabis is available.

Question 19

What did Murray conclude in his 2014 study?

Answer 19

Some individuals are more susceptible to mental illness.

Question 20

What percentage of psychosis did Di Forte claim could be prevent through education?

Answer 20

8%-24%.