Religion and Ethics keywords

Question 1

Natural Law-
what does Deontological mean?

Answer 1

form the latin for ‘duty’, ethics focused on the intrinsic rightness and wrongness of actions

Question 2

Natural Law-
what is Telos?

Answer 2

the end, or purose, of something

Question 3

Natural law-
What is Natural Law?

Answer 3

a deontological theory based on behaviour that accords with given laws or moral rules (e.g.- given by God) that exist independantly of human societies and systems

Question 4

Natural law-
What is Synderisis?

Answer 4

to follow the good and avoid the evil, the rule which all precepts follow

Question 5

Natural law-
What are secondary precepts?

Answer 5

the laws which follow from primary precepts

Question 6

Natural law-
What are primary precepts?

Answer 6

the most important rules in life which are: to protect life, to reproduce, to live in community, to teach the young and to believe God

Question 7

Natural law-
What is Practical Reason?

Answer 7

the tool which makes moral decisions

Question 8

Natural law-
What is Eudaimonia?

Answer 8

living well, as an ultimate end in life which all other actions should lead towards.

Question 9

Sit ethics-
What is Justice? in terms of Situation Ethics

Answer 9

justice ordinarily refers to notions of fair distribution of benefits for all. Fletcher specifically sees justice as a kind of tough love; love applied to the world.

Question 10

Sit ethics-
What is pragmatism?

Answer 10

acting, in moral situations, in a way that is practical, rather than pure ideologically.

Question 11

Sit ethics-
What is relativism?

Answer 11

the rejection of absoloute moral standards, such as laws or rights. Good and bad are realative to an indiivdual or a commuinity or, in Fletcher’s case, to love.

Question 12

Sit ethics-
What is positivism?

Answer 12

proposes something as true or good without demonstrating it. Fletcher positis love as good.

Question 13

Sit ethics-
What is personalism?

Answer 13

ethics centered on people, rather than laws or objects.

Question 14

Sit ethics-
What is conscience?

Answer 14

may be refered to as a faculty within us, described by Fletcher as a function instead of a faculty

Question 15

Sit ethics-
What is telological ethics?

Answer 15

moral goodness is determined by the end or the result

Question 16

Sit ethics-
What is legalistic ethics?

Answer 16

law-based moral decision-making

Question 17

Sit ethics-
What is antimonian ethics?

Answer 17

antimonian ethics do not recognise the role of law in morality (‘nomos’ is greek for ‘law’)

Question 18

Sit ethics-
what is situational ethics?

Answer 18

another term for situation ethics, ethics focused on the situation, rather than fixed rules

Question 19

Sit ethics-
what is agape love?

Answer 19

uncondtional love, the only ethcial norm is situationalism

Question 20

Sit ethics-
what is extrinsically good?

Answer 20

good defined with reference to the end rather than good in and of itself. Fletcher argued only love was intrinsically good.

Question 21

Utilitarianism-
What is the principle of Utility?

Answer 21

the idea that the choice that brings about the greatest good for the greatest number is the right choice

Question 22

Utilitarianism-
What is deontological?

Answer 22

from the latin for ‘duty’, ethics focused on the intrinsic rightness or wrongness of actions

Question 23

Utilitarianism-
What is Telological?

Answer 23

looking to the end results (telos) in order to draw a conclusion about what is right or wrong

Question 24

Utilitarianism-
What is the Headonic Calculs?

Answer 24

tehsystem for calculating the amount of pain or pleasure generated

Question 25

Utilitarianism-
What is concsequentialism?

Answer 25

ethical theories that see morlaity driven by the consequences, rather than actions or character of those concerned

Question 26

Utilitarianism-
What is Hedonistic?

Answer 26

pleasure-driven

Question 27

Utilitarianism-
What is Quantitive?

Answer 27

focused on quantity (how many, how big, etc.)

Question 28

Utilitarianism-
What is Qualitive?

Answer 28

focused on Quality (what kind of thing)

Question 29

Utilitarianism-
What is Act Utilitarianism?

Answer 29

weighs up what to do at each individual occasion, usually associated with Jeremy Bentham.

Question 30

Utilitarianism-
What is Rule Utilitarianism?

Answer 30

weighs up what to do in principle in all occasions of a certain kind, usually associated with John Stuart Mill.

Question 31

Kantian-
What is Moral Law?

Answer 31

binding moral obligations

Question 32

Kantian-
What is Maxims

Answer 32

another word for moral rules, determined by reason.

Question 33

Kantian-
What is duty?

Answer 33

duties are created by the moral law, to follow it is our duty. The world deontological means duty-based.

Question 34

Kantian-
What is summum bonum?

Answer 34

the highest, most supreme good

Question 35

Kantian-
What is Good will?

Answer 35

a person of good will is a person who makes decisions according to the moral law

Question 36

Kantian-
What is the Categorical Imperative?

Answer 36

an unconditional moral obligation that is always binding irrespective of a person’s inclination or purpose.

Question 37

Kantian- what is the Hypothetical Imperative?

Answer 37

a moral obligation that applies only if one desires the implied goal

Question 38

Kantian-
What is the Kingdom of ends?

Answer 38

an imagined future in which all people act in accordance to the moral law, the categorical imperative