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religion and science Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two approaches to science

A
  • empirical approach
  • rationalist approach
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2
Q

what is the empirical approach to science

A
  • every scientific hypothesis arose out of evidence that came from experiments or observation
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3
Q

what is the rationalist approach?

A
  • the use of Reason was needed to interpret the evidence
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4
Q

what is the deductive approach to gaining knowledge

A
  • if the premises leading to the conclusion are true then the conclusion is without a doubt true
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5
Q

what is the rationalist/ inductive approach to gaining knowledge

A
  • if the premises are true then the conclusion is probably true but not for definate
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6
Q

what are the two Christian responses to the rise of science

A
  • deism
  • existentialism
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7
Q

what is deism and do christians agree

A
  • the belief that God ‘set things off’ and then left the universe to work according to the laws he created, without influencing it any further
  • most reject this because it interferes with the belief that God is immanent and the miracles of Jesus
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8
Q

what is existentialism and do christians agree

A
  • there is no conflict between religion and science for Christian existentialists
  • christian existentialists are concerned with the meaning and purpose of life and view faith as a matter of personal commitment
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9
Q

what are the two major scientific discoveries that have challenged religious belief

A
  • darwins theory of evolution
  • big bang theory
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10
Q

what is darwins theory of evolution

A
  • study of finches beaks convinced him of natural selection
  • over a long period of time, the characteristics of a species are modified to enable the survival of said species
  • those less suited die out – survival of the fittest
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11
Q

how does darwins theory of evolution challenge religion

A
  • rejects the idea of all living things being distinct creations
  • rejects the idea of the essential seperateness of humanity from the animal world
  • suggests that the evolution of species was and is due to random mutations, removing any idea of purpose
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12
Q

nineteenth century christian responses to evolution

A
  • bishop Wilberforce (CofE) asked whether his descent from a monkey came from his grandma or grandpa
  • fundamentalist christians dismissed it as human error since it conflicted with the word of God
  • many lost faith
  • liberal christians welcomed the theory
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13
Q

current christian responses to evolution

A
  • young earth creationists reject evolution totally because it contradicts the infallible genesis story
  • some old earth creationists accept it in a diluted form, it explains development of simpler life forms. not humans
  • most christians believe natural selection as the way God works, following the laws of nature
  • catholics believe evolution and teaching is compatible
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14
Q

what is the big bang theory

A
  • 13.8B years ago there was a sudden burst of energy that marked the creation of time, space matter and energy
  • this theory has been supported by the discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation and by the abundance of helium and hydrogen in the universe
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15
Q

what are 5 christian responses to the big bang theory

A
  • deism
  • god of the gaps
  • creationism
  • the catholic church
  • mainstream christan responses
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16
Q

what is the god of the gaps approach to the BBT

A
  • christians attribute anything they cannot explain scientifically to God
  • as science grows, god gets squeezed out of more gaps
  • many christians see it as diminishing God
17
Q

what is the Creationists response to the BBT

A
  • young earth creationists reject the BBT
  • incompatible with the 6 day creation story
  • old earth creationists believe it is compatible because it was 6 stages not days
18
Q

what is the catholic churches response to the BBT

A
  • fully accepts the BBT
19
Q

what are mainstream christian responses to the BBT

A
  • the evidence for the BB in its most commonly accepted form is very strong
  • suggests there was a beginning to the universe, but that demands explanation
  • god is a more likely explanation than chance
20
Q

what are john polkinghornes 5 points to why science is compatible with christianity

A
  • explanation is needed for the fact that the world is intelligible
  • the idea of providence is at heart of Gods relationship with the world and human kind
  • both religion and science are concerned with understanding and making sense of experience
  • bible gives evidence for christian claims about jesus that can be rationally examined like a theory
  • the claim that there is a god is one that can be made on the basis of evidence
21
Q

what are the four possibilities offered by genetic engineering

A
  • treatments for currently incurable diseases
  • possibility for parents to pick DNA that’ll lead to their offspring being super intelligent or super fit ‘transhumans’
  • genetically modified animal milk can be used to treat people with lung disease
  • crops genetically modified to produce a significantly larger crop
22
Q

christian responses to genetically enhanced crops and animals

A
  • some support for GM crops, because of World Hunger, but there is also concern about reducing biodiversity
  • some concern abt GM animals because it is contrary to natural moral law
23
Q

christian responses to somatic-cell therapy and germline therapy

A
  • somatic – a responsible use of God given skills
  • germline – bad because if a mistake was made it would be passed down for generations
24
Q

what is somatic cell therapy

A
  • a treatment intended to correct genetic disorders which only affects the person being treated
25
Q

what is germline therapy

A
  • a treatment intended to correct genetic disorders by genetically modifying the sex cells. this affects not only the person being treated but also their descendants
26
Q

why do catholics and protestants reject enhancement therapy

A
  • humans wouldnt be in Gods image
  • it would promote idolatry
  • children would be viewed as a commodity not a gift
  • it would result in a two tier society and discrimination based on wealth

Christianity (9 decks)

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