Religion and science

Question 1

Merton comes up with norms . what are they ?

Answer 1

Cudos norms

Question 2

what do the CUDOS norms stand for

Answer 2

Communism - knowledge is shared equally
Universalism - knowledge is tested objectively
Disinterestedness - knowledge is for knowledges sake
Organised Scepticism - nothing is fully right

Question 3

what do the cudos norms argue ?

Answer 3

science is an open system

Question 4

is religion an open or closed system ?

Answer 4

a closed system.

Question 5

science is an open system :

Answer 5

popper falsification
merton cudos terms
Kuhn paradigm shift

Question 6

science is a closed system :

Answer 6

the velikovsky affair
paradigms Kuhn
interpretivism
conflict theories

Question 7

who comes up with falsification ?

Answer 7

popper

Question 8

Popper: principle of falsification

Answer 8

all knowledge is provisional , temporary and capable of changing.
999 white swans can pass , one black one passing disproves it .
science thrives in liberal places -
non liberal places govern by religion

Question 9

who comes up with paradigm shift ?

Answer 9

kuhn.

Question 10

what is a paradigm shift: OPEN SYSTEM

Answer 10

when the paradigm is undermined - upheaval of knowledge replaces it.
when a scientific revolution occurs

Question 11

science is a closed system like religion : velikovsky affair

Answer 11

1950 he challenged the paradigm.
scientific establishment rose in arms
disregarded it as fiction - because it is contradictory .
like religion - closed belief claiming monopoly

Question 12

kuhn science as a closed system : paradigms

Answer 12

knowledge is cumulative - built up.
development builds up. challenges to foundation in normal times disregarded . closed system

Question 13

interpretivism shows science to be a

Answer 13

closed system

Question 14

what does interpretivsm suggest ?

Answer 14

all knowledge is socially constructed .
Woolgar - scientific knowledge has to be interpreted as to what it is.
Cambridge students found “aliens” - not credible - said it was from pulsars

Question 15

what do marxists say about science ?

Answer 15

that is is an ideology supporting cspitalism and bourgeoisie.
Halitosis’ myth - caused capitalist companies to earn money. science is a closed system

Question 16

Nationalism debate ;

Answer 16

marxism say nationalism acts as a false consciousness
vs.

functionalists see nationalist as civil religion