Religion, Peace And Conflict

Question 1

Define peace

Answer 1

Peace does not just mean ‘no war’
In a peaceful society everybody has enough to live comfortably, so there is no need for conflict and arguments

Question 2

Give a scripture about peace

Answer 2

‘They will turn their swords into ploughs…. Nation will not take up sword against nation, nor will they train for war anymore’.

Question 3

Define justice

Answer 3

This mean that everybody gets what they deserve e.g. a hard working citizen is paid a decent wage

Question 4

Give 3 scriptures for justice

Answer 4

Loose the chains of injustice… set the oppressed free
Made in the image of god
Whatever you do for the least of my brothers you do for me

Question 5

Define reconciliation

Answer 5

This takes place after a conflict and involves conscious effort to rebuild a relationship with your enemy

Question 6

Give 3 examples of reconciliation

Answer 6

Prisoners of war released
Countries should be given help to rebuild their infrastructure
Peace treaty must not punish one side unfairly

Question 7

Give 3 scriptures for reconciliation

Answer 7

Overcome evil with good
Love your neighbour
Love your enemies

Question 8

Give three reasons for self defence

Answer 8

To defend your own country against attack
To defend a way of life
To defend your beliefs

Question 9

Give an example of a country defending itself from attack

Answer 9

In WW2 the Battle of Britain prevented a German invasion

Question 10

Give an example of defending a way of life

Answer 10

The American civil war was fought because the southern states wanted to continue keeping slaves

Question 11

Give an example of defending your beliefs

Answer 11

The Israel and Palestine conflict

Question 12

Give an example of retaliation

Answer 12

The war against Afghanistan was an act of retaliation after 9/11. America believed that the government of Afghanistan was sheltering the terrorists who planned the attack

Question 13

Give an example of greed

Answer 13

When Britain fought against the Boers because their land was rich in diamond and gold

Question 14

Give a scripture for land and resources

Answer 14

The love of money is the root of all evil (romans)

Question 15

Give a scripture for retaliation

Answer 15

Do not repay anyone evil for evil. Be careful to do what is right

Question 16

Define pacifism

Answer 16

Pacifism is the belief that violence is always wrong, and that peaceful means should be used to deal with conflict

Question 17

Who was Martin Luther King?

Answer 17

A famous pacifist, making a point of turning the other cheek to fight against injustice. He said ‘meet hate with love’.

Question 18

Who were conscientious objectors?

Answer 18

Pacifists who replaced the men who had gone to the front in the world wars. Some refused to assist with the war effort at all, believing war was wrong. These men went to prison

Question 19

What is the Quaker church?

Answer 19

A pacifist church, believing that it is better to use peaceful means to resolve conflict

Question 20

Give 3 Christian scriptures about pacifism

Answer 20

Do not kill
Turn the other cheek
Love your enemies

Question 21

Give 2 Buddhist scriptures about pacifism

Answer 21

1st moral precept - abstain from taking life
Metta is loving kindness for all creatures

Question 22

Who was the Dalai Lama?

Answer 22

The Buddhist leader of Tibet. When his country was invaded and he was forced into exile, he spoke out against violent retaliation. He won the Nobel peace prize for his efforts

Question 23

Evaluate the arguments against pacifism

Answer 23

Some argue that refusing to fight allows evil to continue unchallenged e.g if Britain was pacifist, Nazism would have become the way of life across Europe

Question 24

Evaluate the arguments for pacifism

Answer 24

Violence causes hatred which causes more violence. Wars don’t solve anything, they just cause future wars
We cannot argue that we are fighting to defend freedom if we take away people’s freedom by causing death or injury

Question 25

Give 3 conditions of a just war

Answer 25

Last resort Ultimate goal must be to restore peace Not to gain wealth/power

Question 26

Explain how WW2 is an example of a just war

Answer 26

Britain tried peace talks with Germany, but hitler went back on his word and invaded Poland, so war was a last resort There was a serious threat

Question 27

Give the 3 types of weapons of mass destruction

Answer 27

Nuclear Chemical eg nerve gas Biological eg releasing viruses into the air

Question 28

What do christians think about nuclear weapons?

Answer 28

Many oppose them because they don’t fulfil the criteria for just war They’re designed to deliberately target millions of civilians

Question 29

Give 2 scriptures for nuclear weapons

Answer 29

Do not kill Those who live by the sword die by the sword

Question 30

Define a holy war

Answer 30

When believers fight in a war, started by a religious leader, to defend their faith. They believe God is on their side and will help them win. They think that in these circumstances war is RIGHT

Question 31

Explain how the crusades is an example of a holy war

Answer 31

The pope sent armies of Christians to recapture the holy land from Muslim invaders

Question 32

Define jihad

Answer 32

A personal challenge done for the love of allah

Question 33

Why is holy war no longer a Christian practice?

Answer 33

They consider it as a political decision, and nothing to do with their religious beliefs

Question 34

What is the aim of terrorism?

Answer 34

To terrify the citizens of a country, so that normal life does not continue. They use violence to get their message across

Question 35

Define a violent protest and give an example

Answer 35

Terrorist attacks that are specifically targeted E.g. anti-abortionists bombing family planning clinics

Question 36

Who was Dietrich Bonhoeffer?

Answer 36

A Christian pastor who was part of a group attempting to assassinate hitler by planting a bomb

Question 37

State Bonhoeffer’s quote

Answer 37

Any failure to act is simply to condone evil

Question 38

What is the aim of a just war?

Answer 38

To bring peace

Question 39

State three ways to rebuild relationships after war

Answer 39

International events will be organised to bring countries together Prisoners of war released Countries given help to rebuild infrastructure

Question 40

What is Caritas?

Answer 40

A Christian organisation that serves those who are suffering as a result of conflict For example, they provided food and shelter for Syrians fleeing the bombing of their country

Question 41

What is the Tzu Chi Project?

Answer 41

A Buddhist organisation that helps victims of war For example, they distribute food and other basic necessities

Question 42

Define metta

Answer 42

Loving kindness for all creatures - including your worst enemies

Question 43

Define karuna

Answer 43

Compassion, Buddhists will therefore choose to help victims of war

Question 44

Give two steps of the eightfold path

Answer 44

Right livelihood Right action