religion & reformation

Question 1

what is a key debate in reformation amongst historians

Answer 1

that it was inevitable, ‘evangelicalism’ wouldve forced church to reform

Question 2

what ideas/ inventions were rising in the 16th century

Answer 2

decline of feudalism (system whee people were given land and protection from higher rank)
rise in nationalism
Renaissance ideas
printing press

Question 3

Where did protestant influences come from

Answer 3

• prior all english people catholic
• mid 14th century, pre protestant christians demanded reform of the church
• believed in religion being taught from Bible in Vernacular (using direct language to the country)
• opposed practices in catholicism
• eg transubstantiation, baptism, confession etc

Question 4

who was William Tyndale

Answer 4

English scholar, Lutheran activist, leader in english protestant reformation
translated bible into english
opposed Henrys annulment

Question 5

what was humanism

Answer 5

renaissance idea supporting free will
rewriting religious texts to make then more accessible

Question 6

wolsy and the church

Answer 6

natural loyalty to his faith
Legatus a latere - acting on behalf of pope
most people fully accepted christian beliefs

Question 7

what had changed

Answer 7

printing press- more ideas
many suggested abuses of power in rome
criticism of taxes

Question 8

why was the clergy criticised

Answer 8

abuses of marriages, children, lavish expenditure
anti- clericalism grew

Question 9

who was martin luther

Answer 9

foundation of protestant reformation
appalled by corruption in rome
wrote 95 theses
supported religious freedom
excommunicated by pope

Question 10

what was lutherism

Answer 10

luther decided he was sick of catholic laws + corruption in rome
wrote book complaining of them
popes council tried to make him take it back
pope worried because of printing press

Question 11

why was luther important

Answer 11

not everyone saw him as heretic
people frustrated with corruption + wealth of priests
anne boleyn interested

Question 12

differences between catholic church + protestant

Answer 12

• bread and wine is blood of jesus = symbol of remembering jesus
• pope is Gods representative = get rid of him, let people speak freely to god
• punishment solved by donating money to church = god cant be bribed

Question 13

why did people object catholic church

Answer 13

• money to churches went to rich bishops who had children, supposed to be celibate
• if theres a bad pope whole church is corrupt

Question 14

what was the result of lutherism

Answer 14

reached england by 1520
parts of bible translated by william tyndale
henry supporter of humanist ideas
humanist schools created

Question 15

what did wolsey do about the spread of humanist and lutherism

Answer 15

instructed bishops to act more professionally
dissolved ineffective monastries
merged others for learning hubs
ordered burning of lutheran texts

Question 16

what did henry write

Answer 16

anti lutheran books
earned title “defender of the Faith”

Question 17

catherine of aragon

Answer 17

pregnant with first child at coronation if queen - still born
second son died
series of miscarriages + Mary I
hugely popular + failed for heir - stopped sleeping together

Question 18

who was henry fitzroy

Answer 18

henrys son
bastard
1525 was ennobled
earl of richmond

Question 19

henrys desire for anne boleyn

Answer 19

educated and spoke french
invited to court by wolsey
henry pursuing her sister mary
love letters
anne retreated from court

Question 20

who raised doubts about henrys marriage

Answer 20

Gabriel De Gramont - french ambassador

Question 21

what argument did henry use to support his argument of his invalid marriage

Answer 21

leviticus
its impure to take brothers wife

Question 22

why did wolsey and anne clash

Answer 22

her influence grew
clashed over clerical appointments abd treatment of reformers
he thwarted her marriage to henry percy

Question 23

when was anne boleyn executed and on what charges

Answer 23

may 1536
adultery, incest, treason

Question 24

who did anne boleyn give birth to

Answer 24

elizabeth I

Question 25

who did henry choose 1536

Answer 25

Jane Seymour

Question 26

what was the Act of Supremacy 1534

Answer 26

supreme head of church put end to englands relations with the Church of Rome

Question 27

why did henry want to diminish papal power

Answer 27

1529 pope denied kings divorce, defining it as sacred union

Question 28

what was the parliament called between 1529 and 1536

Answer 28

Reformation parliament

Question 29

when was Act in Conditional restraint of Annates

Answer 29

march 1532

Question 30

what was the Act of Conditional restraint of Annates

Answer 30

imposed limit on money sent to Papal state and amount reduced by 95%

Question 31

what did the king ensure when he divorced Catherine

Answer 31

nobody could appeal to foreign court by releasing Act of restraint in Appeals

Question 32

when and what was the See of Rome act

Answer 32

1536 put end to Britains relationship with Papal church

Question 33

what did the see of rome act do to bishop of rome amd pope

Answer 33

made bishop responsible for impoverishment of kingdom illegal to defend pope now with Treason Act

Question 34

what did clergy in england have to do

Answer 34

take oath which they renounced Popes authority

Question 35

how did henry break with rome

Answer 35

series of acts between 1532 ad 1534 king had final say + money flow from catholic church final say in who appointed bishops

Question 36

key change 1529

Answer 36

benefit of Clergy removed

Question 37

key change 1530

Answer 37

Praemunire charges people couldnt appeal to other powers like the pope

Question 38

key change 1532

Answer 38

money paid to rome sent back to Englad

Question 39

key change 1533 regarding appeals

Answer 39

all appeals to rome, religious or otherwise forbidden enhanced praemunire laws

Question 40

key change 1534 - Peters pence & dispensations

Answer 40

household tax owed to rome was banned

Question 41

1534 act of succession

Answer 41

henry and catherines marriage invalid mary made illegitimate

Question 42

1534 annates reserved to crown

Answer 42

more church money diverted to crown

Question 43

1534 cromwell

Answer 43

appointed to viceregency in spirituals second only to the king

Question 44

1536 smaller monastries

Answer 44

dissolved those with income of under £200 annum

Question 45

1536 first set of royal injunctions

Answer 45

pilgrimages and observation of holy days were restricted

Question 46

1539 Key Acts

Answer 46

Dissolution of Greater monastries

Question 47

Why was anne boleyn significant

Answer 47

lady in waiting to Aragon her sister was kings mistress anne refused to be mistress promised henry a male heir

Question 48

when was anne boleyn summoned to court

Answer 48

1522

Question 49

how did anne and henry get married

Answer 49

anne insistent on marriage promise of male heir 1533 secretly wed and rejected papal supremacy

Question 50

when was Anne crowned

Answer 50

1st June 1533

Question 51

what was annes role as a queen

Answer 51

played part at english reformation influenced and convincing henry how much power he had/ what he could do she had knowledge of reformist writers

Question 52

what did anne boleyn do during her marriage with her ladies in waiting

Answer 52

encouraged court ladies to read the bible + distance from Lewd behaviour spoke freely originally

Question 53

how did anne spend most of her early career in france

Answer 53

exposed to reformist writings of french scholars like Lefevre Strong women of French court - eg Louise of Savoy

Question 54

why did cromwell plot against Anne and her fall

Answer 54

- henry tiring of anne - cromwell disliked her - idea that their marriage was cursed - miscarried second child

Question 55

how did cromwell plot against anne boleyn

Answer 55

- plotted against her brother George and other male courtiers - anne accused of adultery, witchcraft, conspiracy against the king - anne denied charged

Question 56

when was Anne Boleyn executed

Answer 56

19th May 1536

Question 57

why was Anne Boleyn executed

Answer 57

- swordsmen travelling to execute her before trial was over - annes failure for male heir - adultery seen as treason - anne interfering too much with policy making - henry felt emasculated

Question 58

when did anne have her miscarriage

Answer 58

Jan 1536

Question 59

why did Annes involvement in policy making fear cromwell

Answer 59

he was afraid of being overshadowed by her due to her involvement

Question 60

when did anne and her ladies in waiting face privy council and who was there

Answer 60

2nd May 1536 faced her uncle duke of norfolk taken to tower of london by cromwell judge was her uncle

Question 61

what was anne boleyn accused of

Answer 61

20 acts of adultery and 5 men onlt one musician was found guilty king currently sending letters to Jane Seymor

Question 62

when Henry was chasing Anne Boleyn and threatened her when she retreated from court, what words did he use

Answer 62

"marvel out"

Question 63

how many monastries were there before the dissolution and how much did each one house

Answer 63

825 religious houses 12 in each

Question 64

how did henry intend to use the finance through the dissolution of the monastries

Answer 64

to fund foreign policy selling land to nobility/gentry

Question 65

what were the main reasons for the dissolution of monastries

Answer 65

moneny destroy catholic opposition religious reform

Question 66

how much land did the church possess

Answer 66

1/3 of countrys land

Question 67

who was the cardinal who visisted england for the trial about the annulment

Answer 67

cardial Campeggio

Question 68

how much money was derived from the dissolution of smaller monastic houses

Answer 68

£38,000

Question 69

how many monastries did wolsey close and why

Answer 69

28 to fund cardinal college at oxford

Question 70

how did wolsey try to destroy the threat of lutherism abroad

Answer 70

using english ambassadors in netherlands, frankfurt, to get authorities to stop printing of heretical works in english

Question 71

what was starting to change within churches due to the reformation

Answer 71

rejection of purgatory legislation of english bible

Question 72

how many religious establishments were eventually shut down and how many people did this affect

Answer 72

900 12,000 people

Question 73

what surveys did cromwell have commissioners send out regarding church

Answer 73

- to find values of the land - to find values of the moastries

Question 74

who was the court of augmentations led by

Answer 74

richard rich in control of income from dissolved monastries