Religious Fundamentalism

Question 1

Fundamentalist religious organisation (2)

Answer 1

Takes a literal interpretation of religious texts. Could be extremist e.g. ISIS or simply interpret it e.g. Amish

Question 2

How can we explain the growth of fundamentalism? (2)

Answer 2

Globalisation- trade, transport, tech

Spread of liberal values- same sex relationships, women have equal rights, sex out of marriage

Question 3

Bruce- cultural defence

Answer 3

People feel it more necessary to protect their cultural values- they believe they’re under attack due to rapid social change or liberal values- way of resisting social change

Question 4

Bruce- Cultural transition

Answer 4

migration led to spread of religious ideas, people may become more religious as a mechanism to cope with the change

Question 5

Religious disengagement

Answer 5

States become more secular, people resent this and respond by becoming more religious e.g. Trump campaign

Question 6

Norris and Inglehart- Marginality (2)

Answer 6

Strong religious values provide security and meaning, people more likely to turn to religion when they face famine or conflict

Question 7

Evaluation (2)

Answer 7

Doesn’t fit into the ‘ideal types’ easily

The growth of fundamentalist groups is evidence of a resurgence in religion (evidence against secularisation)