RELIGIOUS ORGANISATIONS, NAM and relationship to belief and practice Flashcards
(9 cards)
CHURCH identified by WEBER
Strong link to the state
Most attracting MC ,BUT open and inclusive
Monopoly of truth
E.g. CoE, RCC, Islam
SECTS identified by TROELTSCH
Every1 equal
Strong commitment (donating % of wages), withdrawing from society)
Hostile towards other religions and society
Appeal to relatively deprived and marginalised/ those successful w/ something missing
E.g. People’s Temple, Heaven’s Gate, Scientology?
CULTS identified by TROELTSCH as ‘mysticism’, BRUCE later acknowledged as cults
Less structured, no hierarchy/organisation
Very tolerant of wider society, religions
Self - fulfilment and success
E.g. Yoga, Meditation , Scientology?
NIEBUHR identified DENOMINATIONS
In between a sect and church
No links to state
Tolerant of other religions, no monopoly of truth claimed
Focus on spirituality and RE, not +/- ab society
E.g. Pentecostalism, Methodism
NRM
World rejecting - Monolpoly of truth, hostile
World affirming - Positive ab society, self fulfillment
World accommodating - Neither positive nor negative, spiritual + RE
NAM
New psychology - Spirituality and self-improvement
New ecology - Environ as sacred, NEED protection
New science - Medicine,healing
EXAMPLES OF WORLD REJECTING (SECTS)
HEAVENS GATE - WRS
UFO’s contain extra -terrestrial beings, committing suicide at correct time, REBORN as extra- terrestrials
March 1997 Hale Bop comet, space ships for rebirth = suicide
PEOPLES TEMPLE - WRS
Founded by Jim Jones in States, based in Guyana
Belief called Translation = All followers and him commit mass suicide, move to planet of bliss
K1987 - Shooting by. Temples security guards (11 wounded, 5 killed) US CONGRESSMAN INSPECTION VISIT
938 adults, 276 children died from grape juice laced w/ cyanide poisoning
EXAMPLES OF WORLD AFFIRMING
SCIENTOLOGY (CULT)
Founded by science fiction writer L.Ron Hubbard in USA 50s
Improve lives through application of Philosophy of Dianetics = mental health + self improvement
TRANSCENDENTAL MEDITATION (CULT)
Founded by Maharishi Mashesh Yogi in India , brought to West in 50s
Hinduism w/science
Mediation develop human potential and intelligence for health and success
FOLLOWERS NOT MEMBERS
UFO and X TERRESTRIAL BELIEFS (NEW SCIENCE)
Universal ppl belief in existence of XT communicating on Earth
EXAMPLES OF WORLD- ACCOMODATING
PENTECOSTALISM (DENOMINATION/NRM )
Developed where churches have not met needs of community
ETHICAL VEGANISM (NEW ECOLOGY)
Vegan lifestyle is ethical and spiritual choice
Belief animal and human life valued equally
