Renaissance 1450-1600 Flashcards

Question

Double versicle

Answer 1

Versicle = phrase or sentence of text | In the sequence parallel versicles are often paired making a double versicle

Answer 2

1400-1474 His contemporaries regarded him as one of the greatest of their age Included by John Dunstable and the English Style Sacred music into 3 categories: 1 hymns, antiphons, mass movements and some motets written in the treble-dominated style in which a borrowed melody is placed in the top voice and in fauxbourdon 2 Musically complex motets in for parts which are isorhythmic or polytextual 3 Mass pairs or cycles unified by mode, mensuration, and head motives. He also wrote a lot of secular songs and three voices with French text (rondeau predominates) Examples: Missa se la face ay pale , Missa L’homme arme (secular tune)

Answer 3

1390-1453 His contemporaries and successors in England and on the continent recognized him as the foremost English composer of the 15th century Most works are in three voices except for voice isorhythmic motets His works are mainly known through continental sources and features smooth rhythms and continent thirds in sixths

Answer 4

Pastoral poems often pathetic in tone

Answer 5

The largest source of English church music from the turn of the 16th century Contains votive antiphons and Magnificats but no complete mass cycles Most of the music in the Choirbook

Answer 6

And English technique of polyphonic vocal improvisation from 1430 until the late 16th century In improvising a Borrowed melody from chant would be embellished by thirds and fifths above and parallel fourths below in Faburden, the preexisting melody was probably placed in the middle voice

Answer 7

Completely chordal harmonizations of psalm tones and other liturgical recitatives found especially in Spanish and Italian sources of the sixteenth century

Answer 8

Add imaginative instrumental composition meant to sound improvised In the 16th century it was used synonymously with ricercare, which as an instrumental version of the motet

Answer 9

A 15th century French technique of compositions in which two voices are notated. A third voice is improvised of forth below the top voice creating parallel six chords.

Answer 10

The powerful king and queen of Spain in the 15th century. In 1492 they defeated the Moors and drove them out of Spain and later drove out of Sephardic Jews. Everyone was forced to convert to Christianity. Many historical ballads and villancico (ABBA) were written telling these stories. Historical ballades

Answer 11

A manuscript of keyboard music copied in England between 1609 and 1619 which contains nearly 300 compositions written in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. It includes transcriptions of madrigals, contrapuntal fantasias, dances, preludes, descriptive pieces and many sets of variations

Answer 12

Dance song of Spain in the early 17th century with wild singing and dancing. In the baroque, composers wrote variations on the Folia

Answer 13

Secular solo song with accompaniment propagated by Isabelle d’Este in Mantua in the late 15th century and early 16th century. It has the refrain-stanza form of the ballata (AaabA). The musical material is limited, using a varied form of the refrain for the stanzas

Answer 14

1510-1586 Uncle of Giovanni Gabrielli Organist at St. mark’s in Venice in 1566 One of the first Italians whose works were able to escape the Netherlandish style Music tends to be homophonic, syllabic, polychoral, and sonorous He composed in nearly every genre; madrigals, sacred vocal music (Masses psalms motets concerti), secular vocal works and many instrumental compositions. Contributed the new style: concertato, canzonas, ricercare and other intabulations for keyboard

Answer 15

15557-1612 Nephew and pupil of A Gabrielli Influence in continuing the new concertato style and establishing the new monody Purely instrumental music is prominent in his output, including ricercare, canzonas and sonatas Significant influence on Schutz and developments in Germany

Answer 16

1488-1563 Swiss theorist most famous for his treatise Dodecachordon (the twelve-sting lyre) in which a 12 mode system is advocated and its application to monophony and polyphony discussed. He added four new modes to the traditional eight (Aeolian, Hypoaeolian, Ionian and Hypoionian)

Answer 17

1495-1556 Pupil of Josquin Exemplifies the northern motet style of the period 1520-1550, wrote more than 160 His style involves a generally smooth and uniformly dense texture, without many rests, with most dissonances carefully prepared and resolved

Answer 18

A collection of six pitches Hexachords are important in the history of solemnization and and 20th century 12 tone theory Solemnization by means of hexachords prevailed from the 11th century with its development by Guido through the 16th century According to Guido’s system there were three hexachord (C, F, G) That could be used and overlapped in order to create the “gamut” Pictures in the hexachords were considered music recta, And pictures not in the hex accords were musica ficta

Answer 19

The “armed man” A secular tune that was used widely as a Cantus firmus for polyphonic masses from the second half of the 15th century First was written by Busnois, other composers: Josquin, Obrecht, Ockeghem, La Rue, Palestrina and others It seems with this tune, composers were constantly trying to one up each other compositionally The melody itself contains many leaps of 4th and 5th

Answer 20

The intellectual movement of the Renaissance The revival of ancient learning (rhetoric, poetry, history and moral philosophy) In music this translated into many things: the choice of a mode what is a Composers key to the listeners’ emotions; new rules derived for the control of dissonance; use of Pythagorean tuning

Answer 21

Theorist Zarlino wrote this book in 1558 Based on teachings by Willaert Zarlino focuses a chapter on how effectively to express the words of a text through music in counterpoint These were the rules which Palestrina exemplified in his compositions

Answer 22

An arrangement of a composition for keyboard or pluck the strings notated in tablature Italian intabulations of French chansons resulted in canzonas Continued through the 17th century often in style brise

Answer 23

An English instrumental genre of the 16th and 17th c which all use the antiphon “Gloria tibi trinitas” as a Cantus firmus

Answer 24

1450-1517 Flemish composer who worked in Florence, Vienna and Innsbruck Absorbed many musical influences from Italian, French, German, Flanders and Netherlands so his style is fully international more so than anyone else of his generation Wrote many songs with French, German and Italian texts

Answer 25

1485-1560 French composer particularly celebrated for his long descriptive chansons, similar to the Italian 14th century caccie, with onomatopoeic imitations of bird calls, street cries,

Answer 26

1532-1594 Chief among the international composers in Germany in the 16th century He composed madrigals, chansons and motets which totaled over 2000 In contrast to Palestrina his style was more restrained and classic, impulsive, emotional and dynamic

Answer 27

A non-liturgical religious song of greatest importance in the 13th-15th century Italy Resembles the ballata with a refrain alternating with strophes

Answer 28

Started the reformation in German when he nailed his 95 thesis to the door of the Schlosskirche in Wittenberg in 1517 Dissatisfied with the abuses of the Roman Catholic Church The Lutheran church retained much of the traditional Catholic liturgy as well as much Catholic music both plainsong and polyphony Sometimes the original Latin text was kept sometimes the original text was translated into German and sometimes new German texts were adopted to old melodies (contrafactum)

Answer 29

Secular vocal pieces written in the 16th century Music style taken from the motet and included petracian poetry Early composers: Arcadelt, Verdelot Later: Rore, Willaer, Gesualdo, Monteverdi, Luzzaschi and Marenzio Music became increasingly more dissonant Music to express text

Answer 30

The late madrigal in the 16th century and early 17th century was often set in the new style of monody with basso continuo accompaniment (Monteverdi, Caccini)

Answer 31

One of the most important genres for Renaissance composers especially Palestrina Settings in the Renaissance were on the Ordinary texts Three primary techniques: Cantus firmus - uses borrowed melody in strict form as the foundation for the work Motto mass - A mass unified by the recurring musical idea in the opening of each movement Paraphrase mass - mass uses preexisting melody (chant, chanson, motet) and freely adapts and embellishes it in the setting. Cantus firmus is often cut up amongst sections or movements and altered with regard to rhythm, and/or pitch Parody Mass - uses a persistent polyphonic work as a model. Each phrase is quoted before the new work continues in free counterpoint (Palestrina, Missa Papae Marcelli)

Answer 32

Banker, Unofficial ruler of Florence in the late 15th century who promoted carnival songs

Answer 33

A member of the guilds of the 14th-16th century formed to perpetuate or emulate the tradition of the Minnesinger, the Medieval German lyric singers and poets

Answer 34

Compositional technique in which the subject is transformed into different mensurations making a complex web of the same subject in different rhythmic values. It was favored by the Netherlandish composers.

Answer 35

Josquin’s strictly canonic mass which uses no borrowed material

Answer 36

Romance by Palestrina that contains many other traits approved by the council of Trent in 1563. It is not based on a secular model and makes the text very intelligible

Answer 37

1500-1553 The most eminent Spanish composer of the early 16th century and member of the people Chapel from 1535 to 1545 Spanish sacred music was marked by our particular sobriety of melody and moderation in the use of contrapuntal artifices together with a passionate intensity in the expression of religious emotion Wrote 22 masses, 16 magnificats a set of lamentations and over 80 motets Extensive use of imitation

Answer 38

1557-1602 English composer particularly concerned with cultivating the English madrigal Many of his madrigals are Italian madrigals with new texts and slight changes It was because of him that the Italian madrigal came to England Now is the month of Maying and Sing we and chant it

Answer 39

Polyphonic work of the renaissance that combines a Latin sacred text in one voice usually (tenor or bass) in longer note values with a secret text in the vernacular in other voices. Tradition of polytextual motets of the 13th century

Answer 40

1459-1522 French composer and contemporary of Josquin (style emulates him) Masses and motets include smooth melodic lines Teacher of Willaert

Answer 41

Published in 1559 | Collection of 25 madrigals on sonnets by Petrarch composed by Willaert

Answer 42

Mid-16th century term used to describe the new style of those composers who motivated by a desire to give a forceful and detailed reflection of the words introduced chromaticism model variety ornaments and contrasts of rhythm and texture in their music. There is also the implication that such music was reserved for a particular patron’s Chambers

Answer 43

Title of 2 anthologies of Italian madrigals with English words The first printed collections of Italian madrigals in England and had a great influence on English composers of the period

Answer 44

How late 16th century French phenomenon in which long and short word syllables were sent by long and short notes in the ration 2:1.

Answer 45

1452-1505 Flemish contemporary of Josquin 29 Masses, 28 motets, and a number of chansons, songs in Dutch, and instrumental pieces

Answer 46

1410-1497 Franco-Flemish composer Leading composer of the generation between Dufay and Josquin Best known for his masses Little of his music survives Style = rich contrapuntal texture All voices are of equal importance more or less

Answer 47

Anthology of polyphonic music published in 1501 by Petrucci First instance in which polyphonic music was printed using movable type Includes a wide variety of 15th century music 96 pieces

Answer 48

The most important collection of English sacred music before the Eton choirbook Copied in the early 15th century Contains 147 works composed during 1350-1420

Answer 49

1525-1594 Entire career in Rome Wrote mostly sacred music including 104 masses, 250 motets, and many other liturgical compositions 100 secular madrigals are conservative Supervised the revision of music in the official liturgical books to accord with the changes made by the order of the Council of Trent His music epitomized the sober, conservative aspect of the counter-reformation His almost complete avoidance of chromaticism Vertically, voices meet at downbeat except for suspensions Dissonances may appear between downbeat and upbeat provided the motion is stepwise The exception to this rule was the cambiata His style is was 17th century composers had in mind when they spoke of stile antico

Answer 50

Early 15th century A French and English practice of using Isorhythm in all voices of a motet Dunstable wrote 10 pan isorhythmic motets of his 12 Importance: Panisorhythm was a logical evolution of isorhythm it’s musical importance lies in the fact that it reach the degree of complexity and perfection which could not be heightened or improved As compositions became longer, difficulty of listening to and composing such works lead to a move in a 1450 used to abandon isorhythm in favor of clear textures in audible texts

Answer 51

Clearly shaped melodies and homophonic (or lightly contrapuntal) texture of these Parisian chansons Chansons with amazing subtlety and depth

Answer 52

16th century The practice by the composers of the post-Josquin generation of creating a continuous flow of sound held together by all possible permutations of the technique of imitation

Answer 53

Printed the first collection of polyphonic music from musical type in Venice in 1501, the Harmonice Musices Odhecaton

Answer 54

“Sweetness” or “grace” Singled out by poet Pietro Bembo - two qualities for being expressed by the sounds and rhythms of words Bembo’s analysis of poetry opened the way for musical settings in which more attention was paid to the way music can establish the reading of a poem. This attitude was instrumental in the development of the madrigal

Answer 55

A group of poets in mid 16th century France who let the discussions about music in the ancient world Urges poets to imitate classical forms and meters

Answer 56

1370-1445 English composer 50 liturgical works, treatise on discant Many of his works are found in the Old Hall Manuscript

Answer 57

From ricercare, “to seek” What type of instrumental piece solo or ensemble during a 16th and 17th centuries There are three main divisions just before its evolution to Sonata and fugue 1: Early they were improvisatory for solo instruments 2: Middle duos written for the instruction of beginners in part music; exercises in sight reading 3: Late best-known equivalent to the vocal motet. The difference between the motet and the ricercar Are that the instrumental pieces use a wider variety of melody and fewer themes

Answer 58

Harmonic bass pattern often used as an ostinato in arie pour cantar and dance variations Spanish-Italian origin used from 1550-17th century

Answer 59

French A significant Medieval type of vocal chanson of the form ABaAabAB One of the formes fixes or the refrain forms Formes fixes = ballade, ballata, madrigal, rondeau, virelai

Answer 60

1516-1565 Flemish composer who worked in Italy and was a leading madrigalist of his generation He was an important innovator who set the trends at the magical was to follow in the second part of the century

Answer 61

1460-1518 Composer of the Burgundian Court Shunned general rhetoric but did tend to express the general mood of the poem

Answer 62

16th century Meistersinger (portrayed by Wagner in his Die Meistersinger von Nurnberg) Wrote more than 6000 songs, mostly set in notes of equal length, syllabically declaimed

Answer 63

Anglican chant (English chant) Hi simple type of harmonized Melody used in the Anglican church for singing on metrical texts, principally the songs and the canticles Exclusively English product Tallis, Morley, Byrd, Gibbons

Answer 64

Late 16th and Early 17th centuries New concerns regarding music’s relation to text Primary goal was to make the words the master of the music and not its servant Expressive setting of the text “Prima practica” perfection of harmony considered above the importance of text

Answer 65

1490-1562 Associated with the Parisian chanson of the 1530s and 1540s Excelled at composing delicate and sophisticated love songs

Answer 66

“Carved subject” A device used by Josquin in his masses The CF is determined by the vowel sounds of a patron’s name The vowels are fit to conform as closely as possible to solmization syllables These solmization syllables then form the ostinato bass CF for the entire mass

Answer 67

A type of poem used around 1500 in frottola and madrigals | Each verse usually had eight lines of 11 syllables with a rhyme scheme abababcc

Answer 68

1505-1585 English composer 1575 he and Byrd produced the volume of Latin motets called Cantiones sacrae He was brought up in the Catholic tradition and his earlier music includes several Latin liturgical settings often on a grand scale Music influence by the need of syllabic settings of Latin required by the Anglican Church

Answer 69

1490-1545 English Composed many fine masses in a large-scale festal manner

Answer 70

15th and 16th century The basic form of German secular song at this time Tenor refers to the borrowed tune or CF which was the only part to be underlaid with complete text

Answer 71

1435-1511 Franco-Flemish contemporary of Dufay Theorist, composer (5 settings of the mass) Wrote first published dictionary of musical terms in 1495, Terminorum Musicae Diffinitorum His writings are valuable source of information for instruments performance practice notation of the late 15th century

Answer 72

Seven manuscript volumes of 15th-century polyphonic music discovered in the library of the cathedral of Trent 1500 pieces included in these volumes By far the most extensive collection of 15th century music French, English, Italian and German composers represented

Answer 73

1511-1572 | One of the “classical madrigalists” of the late 16th century who followed in the footsteps of Willaert

Answer 74

1548-1611 Spanish One of the three greater Spanish polyphonists of the 16th century spent many years in Rome and his music reflects the contact he had with Palestrina Church music Wrote no madrigals nor any other secular music of any kind His music is devout pious and intense

Answer 75

Italian songs counterpart to French chanson, German lied and Italian Madrigal

Answer 76

Any of the 4 important antiphons for the Blessed Virgin Mary (Marian antiphons) sung at the end of Compline or a polyphonic setting of one of these 4 Marian antiphons are: Alma Redemptoris Mater, Ave Regina Caelorum, Regina Caeli laetare, Salve Regina 11th century and after More elaborate than the antiphons of the psalms and canticles and have been set polyphonically by numerous composers especially in the 15th and 16th centuries

Answer 77

1490-1562 Flemish composer A pioneer in bringing text and music into a closer rapport The text determines every dimension of the musical form He was one of the first to insist that syllables be printed carefully under notes

Answer 78

1517-1590 Leading Italian theorist in the 16th century Famous for a series of large treatises in which he tried to elucidate Greek music theories as well as teach practical matters such as counterpoint Among his most influential ideas was the concept of word painting as used in later magical’s, the different emotional qualities of major and minor chords, and the suggestion of dividing the scale into equal intervals, as later developed into equal temperament Le insitutioni harmoniche “The principles of harmony”

Renaissance 1450-1600 Flashcards

(102 cards)