renaissance 2

Question 1

What drove the economy in Flanders during the 15th century?

Answer 1

A thriving economy driven by merchants and craft guilds commissioning art.

Question 2

What painting medium rose in popularity across Europe in the 15th century?

Answer 2

Oil-based pigments.

Question 3

What political context characterized Northern Europe in the 15th century?

Answer 3

Competing Popes, centralized royal governments, and the emergence of early European capitalism.

Question 4

What economic development fostered an interconnected network in Northern Europe?

Answer 4

New credit and exchange systems.

Question 5

Who supported the flourishing art scene in Northern Europe?

Answer 5

Royalty, dukes, the Church, and private individuals.

Question 6

What key development in art occurred in the 15th century?

Answer 6

Adoption of oil-based pigments and the blossoming of printmaking.

Question 7

Who ruled Flanders during the 15th century?

Answer 7

The Duke of Burgundy.

Question 8

What became a major financial center for Northern Europe?

Answer 8

Bruges.

Question 9

What was the purpose of the Chartreuse de Champmol?

Answer 9

A monastery for Carthusian monks dedicated to solitary prayer and living.

Question 10

Who was the sculptor at Chartreuse de Champmol?

Answer 10

Claus Sluter.

Question 11

What did the Well of Moses feature?

Answer 11

Statues of Moses and other prophets.

Question 12

What did Fons Vitae symbolize?

Answer 12

The fountain of everlasting life, with Christ’s blood washing over prophets.

Question 13

What characterized Claus Sluter’s style?

Answer 13

Detailed naturalism in depicting faces and fabrics.

Question 14

What was the Champmol Altarpiece?

Answer 14

featured statue of Moses and other prophets made by Claus Slater

Question 15

What did the exterior panels of the Retable de Champmol depict?

Answer 15

Scenes like the Annunciation, Visitation, Presentation in the Temple, and Flight into Egypt.

Question 16

What architectural styles were combined in the Retable de Champmol?

Answer 16

Romanesque and Gothic.

Question 17

What technique was used in the Retable de Champmol?

Answer 17

Mixed 3D landscapes and buildings with gold backgrounds and halos.

Question 18

What impact did the Retable de Champmol have on oil painting?

Answer 18

It foreshadowed the widespread use of oil paints.

Question 19

What are the advantages of oil paints?

Answer 19

Allowed for detailed rendering, richer colors, intense tonality, glowing light, and glistening surfaces.

Question 20

Who is known as the Master of Flémalle?

Answer 20

Robert Campin.

Question 21

What is the key work of Robert Campin?

Answer 21

Mérode Altarpiece.

Question 22

What does the central panel of the Mérode Triptych depict?

Answer 22

The Annunciation.

Question 23

What symbolism is present in the Mérode Triptych?

Answer 23

Objects representing Mary’s purity and Christ as bait for the Devil.

Question 24

Who was Jan van Eyck?

Answer 24

The first internationally renowned Netherlandish painter.

Question 25

What is significant about the Ghent Altarpiece?

Answer 25

It is one of the largest 15th-century altarpieces.

Question 26

Who commissioned the Ghent Altarpiece?

Answer 26

Jodocus Vyd and his wife.

Question 27

What does the interior of the Ghent Altarpiece depict?

Answer 27

God the Father, Virgin Mary, John the Baptist, angels, Adam and Eve, scenes of salvation and the Lamb of God.

Question 28

What is depicted in Giovanni Arnolfini and His Wife?

Answer 28

Arnolfini and his wife in a domestic setting.

Question 29

What does the dog symbolize in Giovanni Arnolfini and His Wife?

Answer 29

Fidelity.

Question 30

What is tempera?

Answer 30

Egg-based paint with a velvety sheen.

Question 31

What are the advantages of oil paint?

Answer 31

Uniform drying, reworkable, blending (sfumato), and light reflection.

Question 32

What role did frames play in artwork?

Answer 32

Frames served visual and conceptual functions.

Question 33

What is the significance of Man in a Red Turban?

Answer 33

Possible self-portrait of Jan van Eyck looking directly at the viewer.

Question 34

What is Rogier van der Weyden known for?

Answer 34

Portraits and dynamic compositions emphasizing human action and drama.

Question 35

What does the Deposition depict?

Answer 35

Compressed figures and shared pain between Christ and Mary.

Question 36

What controlled artistic production in Flanders?

Answer 36

Guilds, specifically the Guild of Saint Luke.

Question 37

What was the training process for artists in Flanders?

Answer 37

Apprenticeship, journeyman, master.

Question 38

What limited opportunities did women artists face?

Answer 38

Restricted from figure painting due to social constraints.

Question 39

What is A Goldsmith in His Shop by Petrus Christus about?

Answer 39

Saint Eligius, a couple, and symbolic objects related to the goldsmith's guild.

Question 40

What technique did Dieric Bouts use in Last Supper?

Answer 40

Linear perspective and a vanishing point to create depth.

Question 41

What is the Portinari Altarpiece known for?

Answer 41

Influencing Florentine artists.

Question 42

What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War on France?

Answer 42

Political instability and the rise of duchies.

Question 43

What style characterized manuscript painting in France?

Answer 43

Refined illuminated manuscripts with increasingly illusionistic spaces.

Question 44

What did the Limbourg Brothers innovate?

Answer 44

Advanced illusionistic illumination.

Question 45

What is the Melun Diptych by Jean Fouquet about?

Answer 45

Étienne Chevalier, Saint Stephen, and Virgin Mary.

Question 46

What characterized the art patronage in the Holy Roman Empire?

Answer 46

Wealthy merchants and clergy.

Question 47

What is notable about Konrad Witz's Altarpiece of Saint Peter?

Answer 47

Its prominent landscape and realistic water effects.

Question 48

What style is associated with Veit Stoss?

Answer 48

Intense piety, realistic figures, sharp and broken forms.

Question 49

What did Johannes Gutenberg invent?

Answer 49

Moveable type and the printing press.

Question 50

What was the impact of Johannes Gutenberg's invention?

Answer 50

Revolutionized written communication and information management.

Question 51

What are woodcuts?

Answer 51

An early printing method used for illustrated books.

Question 52

What technique did Martin Schongauer use in engraving?

Answer 52

Cross-hatching.

Question 53

What is the difference between intaglio and relief prints?

Answer 53

Intaglio offers wider linear variety and shows the artist's touch more prominently.