Renaissance, Reformation, Enlightenment - Blaze

Question 1

Characteristics of the Italian renaissance art

Answer 1

secular, rooted in church but they float away into other ideals, humanism had a big influence, muppet Zach.

Question 2

Why italy?

Answer 2

-Was the center of the Roman Empire || Less people died in the Plagues || They had rich people would could afford to pay for the art that people made. They did good in the middle ages || They had stability which let them grow and explore different ideas

Question 3

Humanism

Answer 3

Focus on humankind as center of intellectual and artistic endeavor; method of study that emphasized the superiority of classical forms over medieval styles, in particular the study of ancient languages. It brought back Greco-Roman ideas and culture. Focus on humans rather than the divine.

Question 4

Who was Niccolo Machiavelli?

Answer 4

An Italian political theorist who wrote “The Prince” in which he discussed realistic ways of keeping and obtaining power. Better to be feared than to be loved.

Question 5

characteristics of the northern renaissance

Answer 5

They were firmly in Catholicism and they tried to bring people back to the church. Think about the garden of earthly delights- encouraged people to go back to the church by kind of showing what happens when you’re a good or bad catholic.

Question 6

What are the differences between the Italian and Northern Renaissance?

Answer 6

The Northern Renaissance focused on getting people back to the church while the Italian Renaissance was rooted to the church, but tried to stray away slightly.

Question 7

Leondardo da Vinci

Answer 7

He was an Italian painter and sculpter who was one of the most important artists of the Italian Renaissance.

Question 8

Michelangelo Buonarroti

Answer 8

(1475-1564) Italian Renaissance sculptor, architect, painter, and poet; he sculpted the Pieta and the David, and he painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel which took him four years to paint. The ceiling shows sweeping scenes from the Old Testament of the Bible.

Question 9

Raphael

Answer 9

(1483-1520) Italian Renaissance painter; he painted frescos, his most famous being The School of Athens.

Question 10

Donatello

Answer 10

Florentine sculptor famous for his lifelike sculptures (1386-1466) The not sassy David

Question 11

Johannes Guttenberg

Answer 11

Created a movable type. This increased the literacy rates in many countries, and it also allowed people to read the bible for themselves. It spread knowledge.

Question 12

How did the family change during the 15th century?

Answer 12

People married later and nuclear families were now the norm, instead of including a bunch of your extended family. Husband-wife relationships were also given more importance. Focused on individuals –> you care about wants need, desires and flaws –> care and for children, this made family more emotional

Question 13

what caused the protestant reformation?

Answer 13

Financial/political abuse by priests, reluctance to follow actual religion doctrines, and sale of indulgences.

Question 14

Umbrella of Christianity

Answer 14

Catholicism Protestant, Lutherans, Calvinists, Anglicans, baptists,

Question 15

Why was Martin luther successful?

Answer 15

lot of rich people backed him up.- peasants don’t matter.

Question 16

What was the Anglican church and its relation to Henry VIII

Answer 16

Henry VIII created the Anglican church in order to divorce his first wife Catherine of Aragon. The Pope didn’t allow Henry to divorce her so he was like “imma make my own rules; byeeeeee”

Question 17

Jean Calvin

Answer 17

French radical Protestant who stressed predestination; encouraged ideas of wider access to government, wider public education

Question 18

Martin luther

Answer 18

German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Church. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices.

Question 19

predestination

Answer 19

Calvin’s religious theory that God has already planned out a person’s life and you can’t change if you’re going to hell or heaven.

Question 20

Causes of the Catholic Reformation

Answer 20

They wanted to fight back against the Protestant reformation by refuting their claims and bringing back traditional Catholic beliefs. Tried to fix the wrong things in the church to get people back. But the problems that they had weren’t really fixed and were minor

Question 21

Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution

Answer 21

They like logic and want to prove things right, rather than just believing.

Question 22

Copernicus

Answer 22

He said that the Earth wasn’t the center of the universe (biblical belief)

Question 23

Galileo

Answer 23

reaffirmed Copernicus, and the Catholic church went for him and he said that they should solidify what Copernicus claimed. He proved the sun was the center of the universe.

Question 24

Newton

Answer 24

Discovered gravity, goes up it goes down.

Question 25

What came out of the Scientific revolution?

Answer 25

People want to prove what they believe not just blindly believe.

Question 26

deism

Answer 26

-The idea that people don’t believe in formal religion, but there is a god. The idea that god is a giant clock maker and created the universe and let it run and he doesn’t interfere, just sets down rules that we shouldn’t break. People should discover god’s rules then make the idea of your rights. The government’s responsibility is to protect god given rights.

Question 27

John Locke

Answer 27

English philosopher who believed that legislators work for you; humans possess free will and neither kings or wealth are divinely ordained

Question 28

Voltaire

Answer 28

(1694-1778) French philosopher. He believed that freedom of speech was the best weapon against bad government. He also spoke out against the corruption of the French government, and the intolerance of the Catholic Church.

Question 29

Adam Smith

Answer 29

Works under the idea o Laissez Faire economics–> the government is LAZY. Adam Smith’s baby –> “let it be” if you are going to be a successful whatever it will be based on your own hard work, not the government intervening.

Question 30

Mary Wollenstonecraft

Answer 30

women’s rights

Question 31

Louis XIV

Answer 31

One of the supporters of the ideas of absolute monarchy, he was one himself. He had a palace at Versailles to keep nobles busy and he set tariffs on imported goods, encouraged merchant fleets, and used colonies for raw resources. He used his power to start wars and was eventually blocked by Prussia. He was ‘chosen by god’

Question 32

Frederick the Great

Answer 32

Enlightened ruler- eliminated serfdom and thought of himself as the “first servant of the state”; he wanted to serve the people.

Question 33

Catherine the Great

Answer 33

Enlighten ruler who was western educated- selective westernizer. Because she didn’t free the serfs it is debated whether she was a good or corrupt leader.

Question 34

Niccolo Machiavelli’s theory

Answer 34

Princes should know how to fight internal and external challenges and that is their responsibility- not to be nice. A prince should be strict but reasonable. In order to keep people in check it is better to be feared than to be loved. Being a good prince is not the same as being a good Christian. Like salvonarola the good guys normally end up getting killed and torched at the stake because of their weakness.

Question 35

Machiavelli’s virtue

Answer 35

wisdom, strategy, strength, bravery, and sometimes ruthlessness.

Question 36

Salvonarola

Answer 36

preacher who wanted to burn all luxuries because he thought people were becoming too selfish and corrupt

Question 37

Henry VIII wives

Answer 37

Catherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves, Catherine Howard, Catherine Parr.

Question 38

Edict of Nantes

Answer 38

document that granted religious freedom to the Huguenots

Question 39

30 years war

Answer 39

(1618-1648) This Bourbon vs. Habsburg War resulted from a conflict between the Protestant Union and the Catholic League in the Holy Roman Empire

Question 40

Treaty of Westphalia

Answer 40

Ended Thirty Years War in 1648; granted right to individual rulers within the Holy Roman Empire to choose their own religion-either Protestant or Catholic

Question 41

jesuits

Answer 41

Members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic order founded by Ignatius Loyola in 1534. They played an important part in the Catholic Reformation and helped create conduits of trade and knowledge between Asia and Europe.

Question 42

English civil war

Answer 42

Conflict from 1640 to 1660; featured religious disputes mixed with constitutional issues concerning the powers of the monarchy; ended with restoration of the monarchy in 1660 following execution of previous king

Question 43

Enlightenment- absolute monarchy

Answer 43

concept of government that included monarchs passing laws without parliaments, appointed professional armies, and bureaucracies, established state churches, and imposed state economic policies. Rulers have nothing that are above them.

Question 44

How did the renaissance change the political structure

Answer 44

Stronger central governments grow.

Question 45

Art shifts from church to state- what does it mean?

Answer 45

the kings justify rule with divine right, move power away from church to state, but now the state claims the church.

Question 46

RRR

Answer 46

Rome, religion, riches

Question 47

enlightened despot

Answer 47

Absolute ruler who used his or her power to bring about political and social change

Question 48

characteristics of the enlightenment

Answer 48

rationalism -(reason), cosmology -(a new concept of man and his existence on earth), secularism -(application of science to religion and philosophy), scientific method -(experimentation, math analysis, inductive reasoning), utilitarianism -(greatest good for the greatest number), Tolerance -(no opinion is worth killing for), optimism/self confident -(man is inherently good, social progress), freedom -(freedom to all men, free thought and expression), education of the masses, legal reforms, constitutionalism -(all rights are written down)

Question 49

Montesquieu

Answer 49

three types of government: monarchy republic, and despotism || seperation of political powers ensured freedom and liberty

Question 50

Diderot

Answer 50

founder of the encyclopedia- people need laws.

Question 51

legacy of the enlightenment

Answer 51

-revolutions in France, America, etc. || reform, democracy, and republicanism had been placed irrevocably on the Western agenda || conservatives blamed enlightenment for egalitarianism (we start equal people choose what they do with it) || established materialistic tradition || The individual gained importance!