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Renal Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

62M BG of HTN
Cr 280
Urine Blood ++ Protein 1.8g
US kidneys L 8.5cm R 8.9cm (b/l small)

Ix?

A

renal biopsy

for ? glomerulonephritis

NB if no blood or urine then angiogram for ?renovascular disease

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2
Q

Aspirin OD
Salicylate 1100

Rx?

A

Haemodialysis (FASTER than haemofiltration)

do dialysis when salicylate >700 or severe metabolic acidosis

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3
Q

Thiazide diuretics act on?

A

proximal convoluted tubule

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4
Q

Loop diuretics acts on

A

ascending Loop of Henle

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5
Q

Spironolactone acts on

A

DCT

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6
Q

14M
dark urine 2 weeks after sore throat

what do you see on renal biopsy?

A

Humps in the subepitheilal space on electron microscopy

post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (GN)

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7
Q

Cystinuria, cystinosis, urate uropathy and hyperoxaluria

inheritance

A

AR

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8
Q

Idiopathic hypercalciuria (causes stones) inheritance

A

AD

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9
Q

Headaches
Hypertensive retinopathy associated with visual disturbances
Seizures
Heart failure and pulmonary oedema.

A

malignant HTN

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10
Q

Scleroderma renal crisis Rx

A

ACEi

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11
Q

16F ankle swelling 4 days post sore throat

Cr 90
Albumin 25
24hr urine protein 9

Dx?

Rx?

A

IgA nephropathy

Give Prenisolone (as nephrotic range proteinura >3g/day)

if <3g/day = ACEi
if just haematuria = conservative Mx

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12
Q

IgA nephropathy

nephrotic or nephritic?

A

BOTH

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13
Q

% IgA nephropathy with ESRF in 10 years

A

25%

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14
Q

Ig resposible for acute kidney rejection associated with anti-HLA Abs

A

IgG

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15
Q

16F
Father had ADPCKD

What Ix for her?
Why?

A

geneticist

US better at picking up in >20s

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16
Q

Cirrhosis +SBP

What will prevent hepatorenal syndrome?

A

IV Albumin

+ABx

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17
Q

Commonest type renal calculi

A

calcium oxalate

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18
Q

Stones that are radiolucent on XR

A

uric acid

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19
Q

HIV med causing acute renal impairment

A

Tenofovir

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20
Q

untreated granulomatosis with polyangiitis

Ab?

A

cANCA = antiproteinase 3

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21
Q

ANCA associated with which gastro condition

A

UC

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22
Q

sinusitis/epistaxis
glomerulonephritis
small vessel vasculitis

Dx?
Ab?

Study These Flashcards
A

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis

cANCA/ antiproteinase 3

23
Q

Rx for SIADH

Study These Flashcards
A

Demeclocycline

ADH blocker

24
Q

On LT doxycycline for acne
polydipsia, polyuria and nocturia

Dx?

Study These Flashcards
A

nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

from doxycyline

25
cinacalcet moa
calcimimetic | used in 2 hyperparathyroidism in CKD low Ca, high PTH stops more PTH release
26
Imaging to identify renal scarring after childhood UTIs
Renal DMSA scan
27
Kimmelstiel-Wilson stain for
Diabetic nephropathy shows nodular glomerulosclerosis
28
patient on dialysis for 5 years carpal tunnel bilateral shoulder pain Cause?
B2 microglobulin amyloidosis
29
worsening renal function haemoptysis purpuric rash on lower limbs MPO ANCA positive
Microscopic polyangiitis
30
most common and severe form of lupus nephritis
Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis
31
Started on amoxicillin rapid AKI rash eosinophilia Cause?
interstitial nephritis
32
Drugs causing interstitial nephritis
amoxicillin NSAIDs
33
antiproteinase 3/cANCA AKI pulmonary haemorrhage epistaxis/sinusitis
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
34
how to distinguish prerenal cause and ATN
Urine sodium concentration is typically above 30 mmol/L fractional excretion of sodium distinguishes ATN from pre-renal diseases as a cause of AKI
35
pANCA present in
UC and CD
36
Start diuretic develop hearing loss, tinnitus and vertigo which diuretic?
furosemide thiazide diuretics can -> OTOTOXICITY
37
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis Rx
Steroids | if dont respond then steroids
38
IgA nephropathy Rx if: haematuria only >3g/day proteinuria <3g/day proteinuria to control BP
haematuria - conservative Rx >3g/day proteinuria - steorids <3g/day proteinuria - ACEi to control BP- ACEi
39
Nephrotic syndrome membranous nephropathy (adult) Rx?
Methylpred + cyclophosphamide
40
64M 12h pleuritic CP no murmurs, JVP normal bibasal creps ECG ST elevation all leads Urea 44 Cr 746 K 5.2 Rx?
Haemodialysis ECG - pericarditis ?2 to uraemia
41
new HTN after 20 wks gestation no proteinuria
gestational HTN
42
new HTN sig proteinuria AFTER 20 wk gestation
Pre-eclampsia
43
HTN present before 20 wks gestation or pt on anti HTN no proteinuria
chronic HTN
44
chronic HTN significant proteinuria 16 wks gestation (BEFORE 20 wks gestation)
secondary HTN ?2 to renal disease NB if occurs at >20 wks then = preeclampsia
45
Erythropoeitin SE
HTN | can lead to seizures
46
First line Rx systemic sclerosis hypertensive crisis
ACEi
47
Sx malignant HTN
Headaches Hypertensive retinopathy associated with visual disturbances Seizures Heart failure and pulmonary oedema.
48
electrolyte abnormality in rhabdomyolysis why?
low Ca as Ca bound to damaged muscle (lost)
49
nephrotic syndrome ADULTS membranous nephropathy Rx
oedema - low salt + diuretic HTN + stop proteinuria - ACEi Sx of nephrotic syndrome (oedema) = PREDNISOLONE + CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE
50
PCKD assocaited with what heart abnormality
Mitral valve prolapse
51
Cirrhosis what can you give to prevent hepatorenal syndrome?
IV albumin
52
gastroenteritis then acute renal failure microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia thrombocytopenia with normal clotting Dx? Ix?
HUS BLOOD FILM (MAHA)
53
HUS vs TTP
TTP get HUS triad + neuro problems + fever
54
70F painless haematuria started on IM authoramine + ibuprofen First line Ix?
cystoscopy (rule out bladder Ca first) could then also stop NSAID (cause of interstitial nephritis -> haematuria)

MRCP (12 decks)

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