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Y6 Passmed > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

1
Q

What is AKI Stage 1

A

Serum Creat 1.5-1.9x reference

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2
Q

what is AKI Stage 2

A

Serum Creat 2-2.9x reference

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3
Q

What is AKI stage 3

A

Serum Creat 3x or more reference

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4
Q

How do you remember stages of AKI

A 
1 = 1.5-1.9x 
2= 2x+
3= 3x+
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5
Q

what drugs cause acute interstitial nephritis

A 
No Sane Person Actually Firms imPeriaal
NSAID 
Sulfa drugs 
Penicollin 
Allopurinol 
Furosemide 
PPI
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6
Q

what is an important cause of hyperchloraemic met acid in a postop pt

A

AGGRESSVE FLUID RESUS

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7
Q

what is kidney size usually like in CKD

A

SMALL

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8
Q

what CKD condititons cause larger kidneys

A

PKD
Diabetic nephropathy at early stages
amyloidosis
HIV associated nephropathy

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9
Q

what does ABG typically show in AKI, and why?

A

metabilic acidosis with hgh anion gap

due to raised urate

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10
Q

what do hyaline casts on microscopy indicate

A

metformin use

otherwise strenous exercise, illness

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11
Q

what are drug causes of diabetes insipiduas

A

lithium and demeclocycline

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12
Q

how do you treat rhabdomyolysis

A

rapid fluid rehydration

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13
Q

causes of nephrotic syndrome

A

Focal segmental
Membranous glomerulonephritis
Minimal change disease (in children)

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14
Q

causes of focal segmental glomerulonephritis

A

HIV / obesity

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15
Q

causes of membranous glomerulonephritis

A

SLE, drugs

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16
Q

how does AIN present on urine dip

A

sterile pyuria

white cell casts

17
Q

explain what happens to calcium and phosphate in CKD

A

CKD means:

  • no 1alpha hydroxylase > no vid D hydroxylation > low vit D > low calcium absorption
  • lower phosphate excretion (as phosphate is normally excreted by kidneys)

The high serum phosphate drags calcium out of bone > osteomalacia

18
Q

when do you need to insert a threeway catheter

A

if their bladder is distended (they can’t urinate)

and they have clots / haematuria

19
Q

how do you treat IDA in CKD

A

treat Iron deficiency first

then start EPO stimulating agent

20
Q

which type of kidney necrosis has brown casts

A

ATN

21
Q

causes of ATN

A

rhabdomyolysis

post-pre renal AKI

Y6 Passmed (8 decks)

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