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Adult 2 > renal 2 > Flashcards

renal 2 Flashcards

1
Q

urethritis

A

men-STD

women- estrogen depletion (after menopause)

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2
Q

urethral stricture

A

surgical treatment by urethroplasty-> best chance for long term cure

  • obstructions
  • possible cause STD complications
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3
Q

urolithiasis

A

diagnosed w KUB

-high incidence of repeat stone in 5 yrs

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4
Q

cystitis-4

A
  • bladder inflammation
  • lower UTI
  • can have cystitis without bladder infection
  • bacteria or reflux
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5
Q

cystitis symptoms-5

A
  1. frequent urge to urinate
  2. dysuria
  3. urgency
  4. urinalysis needed if testing for leukocyte esterase
  5. organism type confirmed by culture
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6
Q

prevent UTI-5

A
  1. shower rather than bathe
  2. clean from front to back
  3. drink fluids daily
  4. void q 2-3 hrs
  5. void before/after sex
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7
Q

pyelonephritis

A

upper UTI

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8
Q

stress incontinence interventions-4

A

journaling, behavioral interventions, diet modifications, pelvic floor exercises

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9
Q

urge incontinence interventions-3

A

anticholinergics/antihistamines, avoid caffiene/alcohol, exercises/bladder training/ habit trainig/ electrical stimulation

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10
Q

functional incontinence

A

lower tract function intact but other factors (cognitive impairment) are not

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11
Q

functional incontinence interventions-5

A
  1. treatment of reversible causes
  2. urinary habit training
  3. final strategy: containment of urine (protect skin)
  4. applied devices
  5. cath
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12
Q

goals of management for urolithiasis-5

A
  1. eradicate the stone
  2. determine stone type
  3. prevent nephron destruction
  4. control infection
  5. relieve obstruction and pain
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13
Q

lithotripsy-2

A
  1. conscious sedation

2. continuous ECG

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14
Q

stone prevention-nutrition-4

A

low sodium, low calcium, fluids, avoid oxolate containing foods (spinach and strawberries)

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15
Q

urothelial cancer-3

A
  • most common caucasion men
  • bladder + prostate most malignant
  • painless hematuria
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16
Q

urothelial cancer risk factors-6

A

smoking, exposure to environmental carcinogens, recurrent UTI, bladder stones, high cholesterol, pelvis radiation therapy

17
Q

polycystic kidney disease types

A
  • dominant-not until 30yo

- recessive- cysts from birth

18
Q

polycystic kidney disease symptoms-7

A

abdo/flank pain, HTN, nocturia, increased abdo girth, constipation, bloody/cloudy urine, kid stones

19
Q

polycystic kidney disease interventions-4

A

acute/chronic pain, constipation, HTN and renal failure

20
Q

hydronephrosis

A

obstruction in the upper part of the ureter

21
Q

Hydroureter

A

obstruction in the lower part of the ureter

22
Q

pyelonephritis

A
  • bacterial infection in kidney and renal pelvis

- culture in 2 weeks after antibiotics

23
Q

pyelonephritis symptoms-9

A

fever/chills, tachycardia, tachypnea, flank/back/loin pain, abdo discomfort, N V, urgency/frequency/nocturia, general malaise/fatigue, recent cystitis

24
Q

chronic pyelonephritis key features-4

A

HTN, inability to conserve sodium, decreased ability to concentrate urine, development of hyperkalemia and acidosis

25
Q

pyelonephritis types

A
  1. acute- tissue inflammation, necrosis, abcess

2. chronic- reflux from infected urine, reflex from in kid when papillae don’t close properly

26
Q

calcium oxolate stone diet

A

avoid oxolat sources- spinach, black tea, rhubarb

27
Q

calcium phosphate stone diet

A

limit high animal protein (no more than 2 a day), reduce calcium and sodium intake

28
Q

acute glomerulonephritis-4

A
  • post infection w Group A strep
  • recent upper respiratory tract infection
  • lupus
  • fluid overload-> restrict protein and sodium
29
Q

acute glomerulonephritis diagnosis-4

A
  • change in urine (cola)
  • urinalysis- protein, hematuria
  • *early morning specimen
  • draw titers

Adult 2 (13 decks)

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