eyes

Question 1

eye changes associated w vision-7

Answer 1

1. Decreased eye muscle tone
2. Ectropion and dry eye
3. Arcus senilis
4. Corneal changes- flattens/blurred vision-reg eye exams
5. Changes in color of sclera
6. Less ability to dilate pupil
7. More light needed for reading

Question 2

age related functional changes-6

Answer 2

1. Yellowing of lens
2. Accommodation gradually lost
3. Presbyopia
4. Far point decreases
5. Color perception decreases
6. IOP increases

Question 3

4 eye functions that provide clear images and function

Answer 3

1. refraction
2. pupillary constriction
3. accomodation
4. convergencce

Question 4

4 refractive structures and media

Answer 4

1. cornea
2. aqueous humor
3. lens
4. vitreous humor

Question 5

emmetropia

Answer 5

the perfect refraction of the eye in wh light rays from a distant source are focused into a sharp image on the retina

Question 6

hyperopia

Answer 6

far-sighted, eye does not refract light enough

-convex lens

Question 7

myopia

Answer 7

nearsighted, eye overbends the light and images converge in front of retina
-biconcave lens

Question 8

astigmatism

Answer 8

refractive error caused by unevenly curved surfaces of the eye

Question 9

miosis

Answer 9

pupillary constriction

Question 10

mydriasis

Answer 10

pupillary dilation

Question 11

accomodation

Answer 11

the process of maintaining clear vision when shifting from near to far

Question 12

convergence

Answer 12

the ability to turn both eyes inward

Question 13

ectropian

Answer 13

lower eyelid relaxes and falls away from the eye

Question 14

arcus senilis

Answer 14

an opaque, blue/white ring on outer edge of cornea caused by fat deposits

Question 15

presobyopia

Answer 15

near objects must be placed farther away to be seen clearly

Question 16

eye safety-4

Answer 16

1. use glasses that filter UV light when outside
2. avoid rubbing eyes
3. wash hands before touching eye/lid
4. protective glasses to prevent injury

Question 17

eye assessment pt hx-6

Answer 17

1. any problems w ADLs
2. age
3. gender (male-retinal detachment) (female-dry eye syn)
4. occupational and lesiure act
5. systemic health prob
6. medications

Question 18

exophthalmos/proptosis

Answer 18

protrusion of eye

Question 19

ptosis

Answer 19

drooping

Question 20

aniscoria

Answer 20

noticeable difference in size of pupil

Question 21

visual acuity testing

Answer 21

snellen eye chart-distance and near vision

Question 22

nystagmus

Answer 22

involuntary and rapid twitching of eye- normal for far lateral gaze

Question 23

tonometry

Answer 23

tests intraocular pressure

Question 24

systemic conditions affecting eye and vision

Answer 24

DM, HTN, lupus, thyroid, cardiac disease

Question 25

explain 20/50 vision

Answer 25

the pt sees at 20 ft from the chart what a what a healthy eye sees at 50 ft.

Question 26

increased intraocular pressure

Answer 26

glaucoma- starts in periphery and moves inward-painless-light halos

Question 27

primary open-angle glaucoma

Answer 27

most common, effects both eyes, no early manifestations
teach- drops on time/no missed, wait 5 min before next dose, wash hands/keep tip clean/don’t touch eye,
punctual occlusion immediately after

Question 28

beta-andrenergic blockers rn implications-3

Answer 28

1. hy of asthema, COPD-constricts smooth muscle
2. DM check blood sugar more- induce hypoglycemia and mask symptoms
3. pulse x2/day HCP if below 58- similar to beta blockers

Question 29

cholinergic agonists rn implications-2

Answer 29

1. no extra drops, report drooling HCP

2. use good light when reading, dark rooms- pupil will not open more to let in light

Question 30

pt after cataract surgery-3

Answer 30

1. abx and steroid ointment
2. wear dark glasses/ instill drops on schedule
3. mild itching and redness normal

Question 31

act the increase IOP-7

Answer 31

1. bending from waist
2. lifting more than 10lbs.
3. sneezing/coughing/blowing nose
4. straining on BM
5. sex
6. keeping head in dependant position
7. wearing tight collars