Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Own peds boards > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

(103 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Define hematuria

A

> 20RBC/mm3 unspun urine; >5RBC/hpf spun urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

If pt has discolored urine, what three large categories can it be and how to test?

A

macroscopic - hematuria
dipstick positive = pigmenturia (free Hb, myoglobin)
Metabolites - porphyrins, bilirubin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cast

A

glomerular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Bright red/pink

A

nonglomerular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

papillary necrosis, UTI, obstruction, painful clots

A

sickle cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Categories of non-glomerular

A

interstitial disease (infection, drugs, nephrocalcinosis, ATN, cystic disease); tumors (Wilm’s, TS, nephroblastoma); vascular (renal thrombosis, infants of DM mom)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Proteinuria, RBC casts, high bp, edema, weight gain, oliguria

A

glomerulonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hematuria with preceding or concurrent illness

A

IgAN, APSGN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hematuria with fmhx

A

Alport, TBMN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hematuria with h/o bleeding/bruising

A

vWD, traumatic hematuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

h/o hgb AS, Ss, SC, SBthal

A

papillary necrosis, SC nephropathy, exercise-induced rhabdo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pattern: progressive, sensorineural hearing loss, anterior lenticonus

A

Alport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name post-renal causes of hematuria

A

hydronephrosis, UP junction, UV junction obstruction, posterior urethral valves, lithiasis (stone - colicky pain, fmhx) hypercalcuria (ca/cr high >0.2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name bladder and urethra causes of hematuria

A

Trauma, inflammation, viral cystitis, TB, bact, Cytoxan, hemoorhagic cystitis, hemangioma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When to biopsy in cases of renal disease

A

1) hi proteinuria
2) persistent hypocomplementemia
3) chronic renal insufficiency
4) fmhx of nephritis with deafness
5) recurrent gross hematuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do you workup for hypercalciuria

A

spot urine, normal is <0.2, for confirmation of >0.2 do 24hr urine collection and if >4mg/kg/day = dx hypercalciuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pattern: dysplasia, unilateral agenesis, brachial fistulas, preauricular pits, hearing loss

A

brachio-oto-renal (BOR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pattern: renal angiomyolipomas, cystic kidneys, renal cell carcinoma

A

TS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pattern: Renal failure with oligohydramnios, small posteriorly set ears, micrognathia, beaked nose, wide set eyes, pulmonary hypoplasia

A

Potters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pattern: nephronopthisis, cystic disease, renal dysplasia, tapetoretinal degeneration, retinal dysplasia

A

Senior locken syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pattern: renal failure, enlarged nontrabeculated bladder with thickened walls, lung hypoplasia, b/l cyrptoorchidism

A

Prune belly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Pattern: diffuse mesangial sclerosis, nephrotic syndrome, Wilm’s tumor, male pseudohermaphrodism

A

Drash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pattern: glomerular involvement, dermal telangectasia

A

Fabry’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Pattern: various renal defects, absence of intrahepatic bile duct, jaundice, vertebral defects, hyperlipidemia

A

Alagille’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Pattern: renal aplasia or hypoplasia, double collecting system, unilateral aplasia of pectoralis major, ipsi synbrachydactylyl, hypoplasia or breast and nipple
Polard
26
Define nephrotic
Proteinuria >40mg/m2/hr (4+); dipstick 4+ Hypoalbuminemia <2.5g/dL Edema Hyperlipidemia
27
Pattern; endema, normal bp or low; no changes in light microscopy, epithelial foot process effacement on EM
Minimal change nephrotic
28
Rx for MCNS
Replete fluids and prednisone
29
What is the best prognostic indicator for MCNS
Response to steroids
30
How to eval for proteinuria?
1st morning urine dip, blood (cr, bun, electrolytes, serum albumin, cholesterol, strep serologies), imaging - renal Us, VCUG
31
High protein after standing
orthostaic proteinuria
32
Albumin leaks through nephrotic/glomerulonephritis
glomerular proteinuria
33
Tubulointerstitial, hereditary or acquired tubulopathies
nonglomerular (LMW proteinuria)
34
If serum is lo in albumin what category of proteinuria is it most likely
glomerular proteinuria
35
What are the complications of nephrotic syndrome
Peritonitis (IV abs) pneumococcal, enteric bacteria Other infection (bacteremia, pneumonia, cellulitis, meningitis, varicella) Thromboembolism - PE, renal vein thrombosis, DVT Hypovolemia
36
What is the main difference between minimal change disease and acute glomerulonephritis?
HTN | Edema is the same
37
Pattern: RBC casts, increased Cr, fluid Na/water retention causes increased edema, htn
acute glomerulonephritis
38
Which 3 kidney disorders present with low C3?
APSGN (post strep GN), lupus, MPGN | Low C3 is a marker of complement consumption
39
Rx for acute glomerulonephritis presentation
steroids, plasmapheresis, cytoxans
40
Pattern: microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, renal injury, diarrhea 5 - 10 days before, high LDH, low haptoglobin, coombs negative
HUS (E. coli 157:H7)
41
What are extrarenal manifestation of HUS?
CNS (seizures, obtundation, coma, stroke), liver (hepatitis, GB, hydrops) Pancreatitis, diabetes, +/- leukocytosis, bloody diarrhea
42
Pattern: coombs, anemia, pulmonary infiltrate, bacteremia or meningitis
pneumococcal HUS
43
Pattern: microscopic hematuria, 1 epsidoe of gross hematuria, HTN, decreased GFR
IgA
44
Difference in onset time of post-strep and IgA
Post-strep - 1 week post-infection | IgA Immediately with infection
45
Pattern: palpable purpura, arthritis, arthralgia, abdominal pain, renal disease (hematuria), lower limb abnormality
Henloch Scholein Purpura
46
Pattern: renal agenesis, ectopia, hydronephrosis, UPJ obstruction, vertegral anomalies, anal atresia, TE fistula, radial dysplasia, cardiac defects
VATER syndrome
47
Pattern: membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, dextrocardia, sinusitis, immotile cilia, bronchiectasis
Kartagener syndrome
48
pattern: multiple glomerular lesions, nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, immunodeficiency
AIDS
49
Pattern: renal artery/vein thrombosis
infant of DM
50
Pattern: flank mass and red urine and HTN and nausea/vomiting, hydronephrosis
UPJ obstruction
51
When does primary enuresis resolve by?
15yrs
52
When is daytime continence typically achieved by?
4yrs
53
What are some problems that can cause incontinence?
overactive bladder, abnormal contraction during filling, void postponement, dysfunctional voiding
54
What is dysfuctional voiding?
Inability to relax sphincter and pelvic floor during voiding
55
What is the most successful way to treat enuresis?
Alarm
56
What is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease?
Posterior urethral valves
57
How do you best work up posterior urethral valve?
US, bilateral hydro with big bladder and posterior urethra. Must get VCUG with voiding phase without catheter
58
Rx for posterior urethral valves
ablation
59
Which cystic disease typically only involves 1 kidney
multicystic dysplastic kidney
60
Which cystic disease involve both kidney
AR and ADPKD, VHL, TS, renal agenesis
61
Which cystic disease - single?
multicystic dysplastic kidney
62
Which cystic disease - microcysts
ARKD
63
Which cystic disease - large cysts
ADKD
64
Which cystic disease - congenital hepatic fibrosis that is periportal
ARKD
65
Which cystic disease - associated with TS, cerebral aneurysms, hepatic cysts
ADKD
66
Which cystic disease - HTN
ARKD
67
Which cystic disease - abdominal mass, flank pain, hematuria
ADKD
68
Which cystic disease - renal insufficiency after 30 years
ADKD
69
Pattern: bilateral renal agenesis, pulmonary hypoplasia, limb deformities, flatten facies
Potter sequence
70
Pattern: Vertebral, cardiac, TE fistula, renal and limb chromosomal abnormality
VACTERL
71
Renal agenesis can be seen in other diseases.
Mullerian agenesis, another with absence of vas deferens
72
Pattern: hydronephrosis, mass, hematuria, pain, horseshow kidney
UPJ obstruction
73
Pattern: hydronephrosis, cystic dilation of terminal ureter within bladder, associated with duplicated system
uterocele
74
2nd most common cause of hydronephrosis
congenital megaureter
75
W/u for renal trauma?
CT +/- contrast
76
Pattern: pelvic fracture, free fluid in cul de sac +/- gross hematuria
Bladder trauma - should CT
77
Pattern: perineal penile hematoma, blood at meatus, inability to void
urethral injuries
78
W/u for urethral injuries
male - retrograde urethrography | female - cystoscopy
79
Pattern: flank pain, recurrent UTI, underlying renal/urinary tract abnormalities
nephrolithiasis | hypercalcuria >0.2 spot
80
What is preferred imaging for nephrolithiasis
CT>US>plain film
81
Best test for VUR and PUV
VCUG
82
Best test for CT
UVJ or UPJ obstruction
83
Best test for hydronephrosis
US
84
Indication for absolute renal/bladder US
2mo to 2 yrs with febrile UTI
85
Which VUR grade puts patient at increased risk of acute inflammatory damage and scarring?
VUR 3-5
86
Pattern: FTT, short stature, renal rickets, anemia, HTN, electrolyte disturbances
chronic kidney disease
87
Pattern/Rx: HTN, sore throat, Coca-Cola urine
PIAGN - diuretics
88
Pattern/Rx: HTN, flushing
Pheochromocytoma - alpha/beta blocker
89
Pattern/Rx: severe IVH
central cause - clonidine
90
Pattern/Rx: recurrent UTIs
Renal scarring - ACE inhibitor
91
Which drugs to avoid with bilateral RAS?
Ace inhibitor
92
Which drugs to avoid depression, asthma, diabetes
Beta blocker
93
Rx for HTN urgency/emergency
Immediate 25% reduction in bp; normalization gradual (24-48hrs)
94
Renal causes of HTN
acute GN, scarring, renal artery stenosis (NF, UAC placement)
95
Cardiac cause of HTN
aortic coarctation
96
Endo causes of HTN
pheochromocytoma, CAH, primary hyperaldosteronism
97
Neuro causes of HTN
increased ICP, familial dysautonomia, GBS, pain and anxiety
98
Drugs that cause HTN
steroids, lead/mercury poisoning, amphetamines, cough and cold medicine, NSAIDs, OCPs, licorice
99
Most likely cause of HTN in newborn
RA or RV thrombosis
100
Most likely cause of HTN in 1 year old
coarctation
101
Most likely cause of HTN in <6 year old
renal parenchyma, renovascular disease
102
Most likely cause of HTN in >6 year old
renal parenchyma, renovascular, essential HTN, coarct
103
Pattern: hydronephrosis, thickening of the walls
PUV associated with renal dysplasia

Own peds boards (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions