Development Flashcards
1
Q
Average HC at birth
A
35cm
2
Q
Typical growth of HC
A
2cm/mo 0-3mo
1cm/mo 3-6mo
0.5cm/mo 6-12mo
>80% of adult size by 2 yr
3
Q
Weight at birth
A
3-3.5kg
4
Q
Regain of weight by when?
A
2 weeks
5
Q
Weight doubles when
A
by 4-6mo
6
Q
Weight triples when
A
by 1yr
7
Q
Average length at birth
A
51cm
8
Q
Length 1/2 of adult ht by when
A
2yr
9
Q
LIfts head 45 degrees when prone, arms extended
A
2mo
10
Q
Follows objest past midline
A
2mo
11
Q
Rolls prone to supine
A
4mo
12
Q
Chest up, supported on arms when prone
A
4mo
13
Q
No head lag when pulled to sit
A
4mo
14
Q
Lifts head to 90deg when rpone
A
4mo
15
Q
Sits with support
A
6mo
16
Q
Chest up, supported on hands
A
6mo
17
Q
Starts to crawl
A
9m
18
Q
Pulls to stand
A
9mo
19
Q
May cruise
A
9-11mo
20
Q
Takes a few steps with hand held
A
12mo
21
Q
Stand without help or walk independently
A
12mo
22
Q
Swipes at objects, hands open
A
3mo
23
Q
Hands in midline
A
4mo
24
Q
Grasps objects and brings to mouth
A
4mo
25
Transfers objects hand-hand
6mo
26
Reaches unilaterally, raking grasp
6mo
27
Early pincer grasph
9mo
28
Eats with fingers
9mo
29
Mature pincer grasp
12mo
30
Releases object voluntarily
12mo
31
orients to voice
4mo
32
laughs
4mo
33
babbles
6mo
34
mama, dada
9mo
35
responds to name
9mo
36
mama, dada specifically
12mo
37
immature jargon
12mo
38
one or more words with meaning
12mo
39
understands commands with gestures
12mo
40
social smile, regards face
2m
41
laughs
4mo
42
start of object permanence
6mo
43
prefers mother, stranger anxiety
6mo
44
looks over edge, object permanence
9mo
45
plays beek-a-boo, pat-a-cake
9mo
46
wave bye bye
9months
47
uncovers hidden object
9mo
48
plays simple games
12mo
49
takes pride in accomplisments
12mo
50
walks well, walks backwards
15mo
51
runs well, wide-based gait
24mo
52
runs clumsily, falls often, walks pushing or pulling toys
18mo
53
walks on tiptoes
3years
54
tandem walks
4years
55
alternating feet
5 years
56
skips
5years
57
crawls up stairs
15mo
58
walks up stairs with hand held; two feet per step
18mo
59
Climbs up and down stairs alone 2 feet per step
24mo
60
climbs up stairs alternating feet
3yrs
61
climbs down stairs alternating feet
4yrs
62
sits self in chair
18mo
63
throws ball overhead
18mo
64
kicks ball forward
2yrs
65
jumps in place, jumps off step
2yrs
66
stands on one foot momentarily
2yrs
67
kicks ball forward
2yrs
68
stands on 1 foot 1-2 sec
3yrs
69
hops 2-3 times
3yrs
70
broad jump
3yrs
71
stands on 1 foot 3-5 seconds
4yrs
72
hops 5 times
4yrs
73
2 cube tower
15mo
74
3-4 cube tower
18mo
75
6-7 cube towers
24mo (2+4=6 cubes)
76
8 cubes
30mo
77
9-10 cubes
3yrs
78
Imitates bridge with tube
36months
79
Gate cubes
48mo
80
steps of cubes
72mo
81
scribbles spontaneously
18mo
82
imitates a stroke
18mo
83
imitates vertical and circular stokes
24mo
84
imitates horizontal strokes
30mo
85
copies circle
3yrs
86
copies cross
4yrs
87
copies square
4.5yrs
88
copies triangle; prints a few letters
5yrs
89
copies diamond
6yrs
90
takes off gloves, socks, shoe
18mo
91
can put on some clostes
24mo
92
dresses with supervision
3yr
93
unbutton
3yr
94
dresses without supervision
4yr
95
buttons
4yr
96
can tie shoelaces
5yr
97
uses covered cups with little spilling
15mo
98
handles spoon well for solids
18mo
99
uses spoon well for semi-solids
24mo
100
eats neatly with spoon and fork
3yrs
101
spreads with a knife
5-6yrs
102
starting to cut food with the knife
7yr
103
2-3 words, immature jargoning
12-13mo (1+2=3)
104
4-6 words
15mo (1+5=6)
105
7-20 words
16-17mo (1+7=8)
106
Mature jargoning
16-17mo
107
50+ words
21-24mo
108
2 word sentences
21-24mo
109
pronouns, telegraphic speech
30mo
110
3-4 sentences
3yr
111
250+ words
3yr
112
4-6 word sentences
4yr
113
uses past tense
4yr
114
follows 1 step command with gestures
12mo
115
follows 1 step command without gestures
15mo
116
knows 5+ body parts
18mo
117
names pictures of common objects
18mo
118
follows 2 step command
24mo
119
knows sex, first and last name
30-36mo
120
understands 2 prepositions
30-36mo
121
names 3-4 colors
4yr
122
counts 5-10
4yr
123
understands 4 prepositions
4yr
124
understands opposites
4yr
125
intelligibility to strangers 50%
2yr 2/4
126
intelligibility to strangers 75%
3yr 3/4
127
intelligibility to strangers 100%
4yr 4/4
128
parental concerns about development identify about what percentage of kids?
80%
129
months of child when AALP recommends developmental screening
9mo, 18mo, and 30mo (24mo)
130
T/F : language milestones more predictive of developmental problems than gross motor milestones
True
131
T/F: Current developmental level is more accurate than recall of milestones
True
132
T/F: screening test can predict future potential
False
133
T/F: Multiple assessments are betther than a single assessment in time
True
134
T/F: developmental screens can identify specific developmental disorders
False
135
T/F: a simple checklist can be used for developmental screening
False - use validated instruments
136
Test name? Parental report of concerns in various domains, 2-5min to complete, parents must have 5th grade reading level, well-validated and available in multiple languages
Parents' Evaluation of Developmental STatus
137
What test? Parental reports of acquired skills in various domains, 10-15, well-validated
ASQ
138
What test? Autism-specific, 16-30 months
M-CHAT
139
What should you do M-CAT
18 and 24 months
140
What test? 2wk-6r, 15-30 min, assess 4 domains of development, not as sensitive to mild delays and language difficulties
Denver developmental screeing test
141
What test? 1-42mo, 1hr, can get developmental quotient = developmental age/chronological age); does not correlate highly with IQ
Bayley scales of infant development - II
142
Warning signs of language delay at 9mo
no response to name
143
Warning signs of language delay at 10-12mo
not babbling
144
Warning signs of language delay at 15mo
Does not respond to "no" or "bye bye"
145
Warning signs of language delay at 18mo
No words other than mama, dada, does not point to wants
146
Warning signs of language delay at 24mo
no 2 word phrases or 2 syllable words. Does not understand simple commands
147
Warning signs of language delay at 3yo
speech not fully intelligible to family, not using pronouns and verbs, no simple sentences, echolalia still present
148
Warning signs of language delay at 4yr
speech not fully intelligible to strangers
149
Warning signs of language delay at 5yr
persistent stuttering, frequent letter substitution
150
Warning signs of language delay at 6yrs
speech errors other than s, ch, sh, z, j, v, th, zh
151
Warning signs of language delay at 8 years
any speech errors
152
Name some neonatal risk factors for hearing loss and language delay
NICU admission >48hrs
Craniofacial abnormalities or syndromes
FH of childhood deafness
In utero infections (CMV, HSV, rubella, syphilis, toxoplasmosis)
153
Risk factors for delayed-onset hearing loss
```
neonatal risk factors
Postnatal infection (meningitis)
Recurrent or persistent OM
Head trauma with temporal bone fracture
Neurodegenerative disorders -Hunter's, Friedrich's ataxia, Charcot-Marie-Tooth
```
154
What neurodegenerative disorders are typically associated with hearing loss?
Hunter's, Friedrich's ataxia, Charcot-Marie-Tooth
155
What percentage of sensorineural hearing loss is genetic?
50%
156
What is the most common mutation associated with sensorineural hearing loss?
Connexin 26 gene on chromosome 13
157
What inheritance pattern is mutation in connexin 26 generally?
Autosomal recessive
158
If congenital CMV infection is symptomatic, what percentage is sensorineural hearing loss?
60%
159
If CMV infection is asymptomatic, what percentage is sensorineural hearing loss?
5%
160
In pt with connexin 26 gene, at what age can they present SNHL?
at age age
161
Most common cause of conductive hearing loss
otitis media with effusion
162
Does early insertion of tympanostomy tubes affect sppech long-term
no
163
Besides otitis media, what are other causes of conductive hearing loss
craniofacial anomalies (external canal atresia/stenosis, foreign bodies, perofration, tympanosclerosis, ossicular disruptions
164
What is normal hearing
165
dB for mild hearing loss
26-40
166
dB for moderate hearing loss
41-55
167
dB for mod-severe hearing loss
56-70
168
dB for severe hearing loss
71-90
169
dB for profound hearing loss
>90
170
Pattern: difficulty with whispers, misses up to 50% speech
mild HL
171
Pattern: misses 5-100% of speech, often poor voice and speech quality, hearing device required
moderate HL
172
When is hearing device typically required
w/ moderate hearing loss 41-55dB
173
Pattern: loud shout heard as whisper, needs hearing aids, educational interventions
mod-severe HL
174
Pattern: may have difficulty with hearing aids
severe HL
175
Pattern: feels vibrations only, does not hear, relies on vision for communication
profound HL
176
profoundly deaf children can vocalize normally up to what months
6-8 months
177
Define components of expressive language delay
limited vocabulary, poor word recall, poor intelligibility, delayed syntax (normal sentence structure)
178
Define components of receptive language delay
auditory processing problems, verbal comprehension, short-term auditory memory
179
Dysfluency is normal during what age group
2.5 to 5 years
180
Indication for further evaluation of stuttering
1. Onset >5yr or persists for >6months
2. Child distressed when speaks
3. Frequent long pauses, blockaged
4. Parents concerned
5. Positive family history
181
Rx for stuttering
speech therapy, selective use of DA agonists (risperidone), SSRIs
182
Pattern: sudden deterioration in language (receptive, then expresive) aat 3-7 years old, EEG abnormalities (temporal lobe spikes, sharp waves), 80% with clinical seizures
Landau-Kleffner syndrome
183
What four genetic syndromes can be associated with language delay
Down, Williams, Fragile X, Klinefelter's
184
Define clinical and EEG of stage II
sleep spindles, K complexes, slowed HR, RR, eye movements slowed, easily awakened
185
Define stage III sleep on EEG
20-50% delta waves (high voltage, slow waves)
186
Define EEG of stage IV sleep
>50% delta waves, difficult to awaken
187
When does parasomnias occur?
During Non-REM sleep
188
NREM occurs when
During first 1/3 of night
189
REM occurs when
During last 1/2 of night
190
When do newborns develop day/night differentiation
Not until 2 months
191
REM occurs when in infants
Onset of sleep
192
When is nap discontinued
3-4yr
193
When do parasomnias occur?
within 1-2 hours after sleep onset
194
Parasomnias occur during what age?
4-12 yr
195
What can parasomnias be precipitated by?
stress, illness, sleep deprivation
196
Rx for parasomnias
Not much, scheduled light arousal before event
197
Most common age with sleep walking
4-8 years, resolves in adolescence
198
Rx for sleep walking
short nap in afternoon may be helpful to decrease deep sleep at night
199
Pattern: stage IV sleep, first 1/3 of night, 4-12y, confused, agitate, not consolable, no recall
night terrors
200
Pattern: REM sleep, second 1/2 of night, peak 3-6y, upset but awake, consolable, may recall
nighmares
201
Rx for delayed sleep phase
phase advancement or phase delay, oral melatonin, bright light exposure
202
What is restless legs syndrome exacerbated by?
caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, iron deficiency, pregnancy
203
What is periodic limb movement disorder
repetitive extension of toe, flexion of ankle, knee
204
Rx for RLS
DA agonist, clonazepam, opiates, carbamazepine, gabapenin
205
What can OSAS be associated with
FTT, enuresis, daytime sleepiness
206
Pattern: Intrusion of REM into your awake state, cataplexy, sleep paralysis, hypnagogic hallucinations, development in adolescent years
narcolepsy
207
What percentage of children have developmental disability?
15%
208
Joint attention
9mo
209
IQ in ID
<70
