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NCLEX > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

inflammatory reaction in the glomerulus

A

glomerulonephritis

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2
Q

main cause of glomerulonephritis

A

strep infection

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3
Q

sx of glomerulonephritis

A 
sore throat
malaise/HA
BUN/CR
sediment/protein/blood in urine
flank pain
increased BP
facial edema
decreased UO
increased urine specific gravity
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4
Q

with glomerulonephritis the patient is going into fluid volume _____

A

excess

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5
Q

treatment for glomerulonephritis

A

get rid of the strep
monitor BP
fluid replacement

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6
Q

how is fluid replacement managed for glomerulonephritis

A

24 hr fluid loss + 500 ml

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7
Q

protein in the urine only happens when _____ is damaged

A

kidney

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8
Q

dietary needs for glomerulonephritis

A

low protein
low Na+

increased carbs!

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9
Q

____ and _____ may stay in the urine for months after glomerulonephritis

A

blood and protein

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10
Q

teach the glomerulonephritis patient sx of renal failure….which are?

A 
malaise
HA
anorexia
N/V
decreased output
weight gain
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11
Q

think what about nephrotic syndrome

A

loosing lots of proteins

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12
Q

an inflammatory response in the gloemerulus which makes big holes in the glomerulus so protein starts leaking out in the urine (proteinuria)

A

nephrotic syndrome

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13
Q

total body edema associated with nephrotic syndrome

A

anasarca

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14
Q

problems associated with protein loss

A

blood clots

increased triglycerides and cholestrol

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15
Q

causes of nephrotic syndrome

A

idiopathic

bacterial or viral infections
NSAIDs
cancer and genetic predisposition
systemic diseases such as lupus or diabetes
strep
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16
Q

sx of nephrotic syndrome

A

proteinuria
hypoalbuminemia
edema
hyperlipidemia

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17
Q

treatment for nephrotic syndrome

A 
diuretics
ACE inhibitors
prednisone
lipid lowering drugs
dialysis
anticoagulation
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18
Q

diet for nephrotic syndrome

A

decreased Na+

increased protein

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19
Q

the rule is to limit protein with kidney problems except with ____ _____

A

nephrotic syndrome

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20
Q

renal failure requires _____ failure

A

bilateral

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21
Q

in pre-renal failure _____ can’t get to the kidneys

A

blood

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22
Q

causes of pre-renal failure

A

hypotension
decreased HR
hypovolemic
any form of shock

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23
Q

intra-renal failure is when damage has occurred _____ the kidney

A

inside

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24
Q

causes of intra-renal

A 
glomerulonephritis
nephrotic syndrome
dyes
drugs
malignant HTN
DM
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25
in post-renal failure is when ____ can't get out of the kidneys
urine
26
causes of post-renal failure
``` enlarged prostate kidney stone tumors ureteral obstruction edematous stoma ```
27
sx of renal failure
``` elevated BUN/CR increased specific gravity anemia HTN HF anorexia, N/V uremic frost ```
28
_____ could cause lethal arrhythmias with renal failure
hyperkalemia
29
which acid base imbalance is renal failure in?
metabolic acidosis
30
in renal failure they retain ____ and serum ____ goes down
phosphorus | calcium
31
two phases of acute renal failure
oliguric phase | diuretic phase
32
during the oliguric phase what happened to UO?
decreased
33
the UO in the oliguric phase is usually what in 24 hrs
100-400 ml/24 hrs
34
in the oliguric phase the client is in fluid volume ____
excess
35
what happens to the K+ in oliguric phase
increased
36
UO with diuretic phase of acute renal failure
increased (10L/day)
37
the client in the diuretic phase is in fluid volume ____
deficit
38
what will happen with the K+ in the diuretic phase of acute renal failure
decrease
39
the dialysis machine is like the ______ (filters)
glomerulus
40
hemodialysis is done __-__ times a week
3-4
41
to prevent the blood clots from forming in hemodialysis, the client is giving an _____ during dialysis
anticoagulant
42
what 2 things are watched constantly with hemodialysis
electrolytes and BP
43
which meds should you hold for a client going to hemodialysis
lisinopril nitro water soluble vitamins ampicillin (they can get famotidine bc its not filtered by the kidneys)
44
with hemodialysis, blood is being removed, cleansed, and then returned at a rate of ___-___ ml/min
300-800
45
the site where they have access to a large blood vessel because very rapid blood flow is essential for hemodialysis
valvular access
46
anastomosis between an artery and a vein
arteriovenous fistula (AVF)
47
a synthetic graft to join the vessels
arteriovenous graft (AVG)
48
when a client has an alternate vascular access, what is the associated nursing care for that extremity?
No BP No needle sticks No constriction
49
cat purring sensation that you can palpate over the area
thrill
50
turbulent blood flow you can auscultate over the area
bruit
51
in peritoneal dialysis they use the peritoneal membrane as a ____
filter
52
_____ is warmed and infused into the peritoneal cavity by gravity via Tenckhoff catheter
dialysate
53
how long does it take to infuse dialysate into the peritoneal cavity
10 minutes
54
the time the dialysate stays into the peritoneal cavity
dwell time
55
why do we warm the dialystate?
promotes vasodilation
56
what should the drainage look like from the peritoneum
clear, straw-colored
57
if the peritonal fluid is cloudy
infection
58
what if all the fluid doesn't come out with peritoneal dialysis?
reposition client
59
two types of peritoneal dialysis
CAPD (continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis) CCPD (continuous cycle peritoneal dialysis)
60
continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis must be done how often?
4 times a day, 7 times a week
61
who can't do CAPD (continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis)
disc disease arthritis colostomy
62
peritoneal dialysis catheter to a cycler at night and their exchange is done automatically while they sleep.
CCPD (continuous cycle peritoneal dialysis)
63
major complications of peritoneal dialysis
constant sweet taste hernias anorexia low back pain
64
most serious complication with peritoneal dialysis
peritonitis
65
1st sign of peritonitis
cloudy effluent 1st sign
66
increase what in the diet with peritoneal dialysis?
fiber and protein
67
continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is typically done in the ____ setting and is continuous so that the client doesn't have drastic fluid shifts
ICU
68
with CRRT there is never more than ____ mL of blood out of the body at one time being filtered and therefore does not stress the cardiovascular system as much
80 mls
69
CRRT is performed on a client with :
fragile cardiovascular status | acute renal failure
70
other names for kidney stones
urolithiasis | renal calculi
71
sx of kidney stones
pain N/V WBCs in urine hematuria
72
anytime you suspect a kidney stone, get a urine specimen ASAP and have it checked for ____
RBCs
73
if a kidney stone is present, the client will get ____ ____ immediatley
pain medication
74
treatment for kidney stones
``` ondanestron NSAIDs opioids increase fluids maybe surgery strain urine ```

NCLEX (10 decks)

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