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Phys exam 5 > Renal 7 > Flashcards

Renal 7 Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

How does water loss react to hot weather or heavy exercise?

A

Increases water loss leading to increase water intake

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2
Q

How does drinking a large amount of water affect ECF volume and ECF osmolarity?

A

V:Increases
Osm: Decreases

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3
Q

How does drinking a large amount of water affect renal compensation in regard to changes in urine volume and excretion of sodium?

A

UV: Increases

Ex [Na]: Decreases

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4
Q

How does incomplete compensation for dehydration affect ECF volume and ECF osmolarity?

A

V: Decreases
Osm: Decreases

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5
Q

How does incomplete compensation for dehydration affect renal compensation in regard to changes in urine volume and excretion of sodium?

A

UV: Decreases

Ex [Na]: Decreases

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6
Q

How does ingesting hypertonic saline (gatorade) affect ECF volume and ECF osmolarity?

A

V:Increases
Osm: Increase

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7
Q

How does ingesting hypertonic saline (gatorade) affect renal compensation in regard to changes in urine volume and excretion of sodium?

A

UV: Increases

Ex [Na]: Increases

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8
Q

How does dehydration thru sweat or diarrhea affect ECF volume and ECF osmolarity?

A

V:Decreases
Osm: Increases

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9
Q

How does dehydration thru sweat or diarrhea affect renal compensation in regard to changes in urine volume and excretion of sodium?

A

UV: Decreases

Ex [Na]: Increases

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10
Q

ADH Secretion is ____ Sensitive to Δ Osmolarity than change in volume

A

More

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11
Q

Is ADH secretion more sensitive to changes in osmolarity or volume?

A

Changes in osmolarity

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12
Q

Changes in ECF osmolarity are sensed by decreased firing of ______

A

Hypothalamic osmoreceptors

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13
Q

When there is a decreased firing of hypothalamic osmoreceptors, how is ADH secretion affected?

A

Decreased

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14
Q

How is water secretion affected by decreased firing of hypothalamic osmoreceptors?

A

Increased water secretion

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15
Q

How is a decrease in plasma volume detected?

A

Decreased venous, arterial, and atrial pressures causing a reflex mediated by CV baroreceptors

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16
Q

When there is decreased pressure in venous, arterial, and atrial pressures causing a reflex mediated by CV baroreceptors, how is ADh secretion affected?

A

Increased ADH secretion

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17
Q

When there is decreased pressure in venous, arterial, and atrial pressures causing a reflex mediated by CV baroreceptors and ADH secretion increases, how is water secretion affected?

A

Decreased water secretion

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18
Q

The following are factors that ______ ADH secretion:
↑ ECF osmolarity
↓ blood volume (via ↓ ANP)
↓ blood pressure (directly via ↓ baroreceptor activity) Nausea
Hypoxia
Nicotine and Morphine
AngII

A

Factors ↑ADH secretion:

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19
Q

The following are factors that ______ ADH secretion:
↓ ECF osmolarity
↑ blood volume (via ↑ ANP)
↑ blood pressure (directly via ↑ baroreceptor activity)
Ethanol
Cold

A

Factors ↓ADH secretion

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20
Q

In ______ condition:
Excrete a Concentrated Urine
Too much ADH function
Reabsorbing too much water

A

Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH)

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21
Q

Most often seen in neurologic disease, head injury, lung tumors or after major surgery.
Excessive secretion of ADH causes hyponatremia, decreased plasma osmolarity and urine hyperosmolarity.
Sodium handling is intact and the only defect is in water excretion.
Feedback inhibition of ADH does not occur
Treat with ADH inhibitor drugs - Demeclocycline

A

Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH)

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22
Q

Excessive secretion of ADH in SIADH causes what 3 things?

A

hyponatremia, decreased plasma osmolarity and urine hyperosmolarity

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23
Q

In _____ condition:
Excrete a Dilute Urine
Too little ADH function

A

Diabetes Insipidus (DI)

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24
Q

In _____ DI:
Defect in ADH synthesis or release
Depressed [ADH]plasma

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Hypothalamic or Central D.I.
25
In _____ DI: Defect in ADH action Failure to maintain hyperosmotic medullary gradient Elevated [ADH]plasma
2. Nephrogenic D.I.
26
In _____ DI: | Compulsive water drinking
3. Polydipsic D.I.
27
What are the 3 symptoms of DI?
Polyuria Nocturia Polydipsia
28
_______ is Defined as greater than 3 liters urine/day
Polyuria
29
What are the 2 determining factors of urine volume?
–Amount of solute to be excreted (obligatory volume) | –[ADH]plasma
30
What are the 3 major mechanisms of polyuria?
``` –Decrease in Na+ reabsorption (Kidney Disease, Diuretics) –Reduced ADH secretion (D.I.) –ADH resistance –Lithium and Tetracylines –Hypercalcemic Nephrogenic DI ```
31
What are the 4 mechanisms of regulation of [Na} in ECF?
Osmoreceptor-ADH system Thirst mechanism Aldosterone and Ang II Salt Appetite
32
What are the 2 primary mechanisms of regulation of [Na} in ECF?
Osmoreceptor-ADH system | Thirst mechanism
33
What are the 2 mechanisms that cause decreased plasma volume to increase thirst?
Baroreceptors and increased Ang II
34
What is the mechanism for increase in plasma osmolarity increasing thirst?
Osmoreceptors
35
Does metering of water intake by GI tract increase or decrease thirst?
Decreases
36
Thirst increased by what 3 things regarding osmolarity of ECF, ECF volume, and MAP?
ECF hyperosmolarity, decreased ECF volume, decreased MAP.
37
______ center responds to signals and initiates drinking behavior
Hypothalamic thirst
38
Stimuli that increase salt appetite are those associated with what 3 things?
- sodium deficits - decreased blood volume - decreased blood pressure associated with circulatory insufficiency.
39
Humans normally function at how much Na per day?
20 meq/day
40
Average consumption of Na/day in US is?
200 meq/day
41
What hormone is secreted in response to high osmolarity with no volume change?
ADH
42
In response to decreased MAP, how is renin affected?
Increased renin secretion
43
An increase in renin in response to decreased MAP leads to a _____ in Ang II
increase
44
How is aldosterone affected by a decrease in MAP?
Increased
45
How is vasopressin affected in a decrease in MAP?
Increased
46
What are the 2 ultimate responses of a decrease in MAP?
Increased Bp | increased volume and maintain osmolarity
47
What hormone reduces blood volume?
ANP
48
In response to a raised blood volume and no change in osmolarity, what hormone is released in response?
ANP
49
In response to a raised blood volume and no change in osmolarity, how is vasopressin affected?
Decreased
50
In response to a raised blood volume and no change in osmolarity, how is GFR affected?
Increased
51
In response to a raised blood volume and no change in osmolarity, how is renin affected?
Decreased
52
In response to a raised blood volume and no change in osmolarity, how is aldosterone affected?
Decreased
53
In response to a raised blood volume and no change in osmolarity, how is bp affected?
Decreased
54
What is the overall outcome of the response to an increased blood volume without a change in osmolarity?
Salt and water excretion
55
____ conserves blood volume which increases blood volume
ADH
56
______ is stimulated by increased sympathetic activity; causes decrease in bp and blood volume
Ang II
57
_____ function to increase bp
Sympathetic activity
58
____ is stimulated by increased potassium and Ang II; functions to increase water reabsorption to decrease osmolarity
Aldosterone

Phys exam 5 (9 decks)

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