renal anatomy

Question 1

What are the main functional units of the kidney?

Answer 1

Nephrons

Question 2

True or False: The kidneys are responsible for filtering blood and producing urine.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What is the name of the outer layer of the kidney?

Answer 3

Renal capsule

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The renal cortex is located ______ to the renal medulla.

Answer 4

Superficial

Question 5

What structure in the nephron is responsible for filtration?

Answer 5

Glomerulus

Question 6

What is the primary role of the renal tubule?

Answer 6

Reabsorption and secretion

Question 7

Which part of the nephron is primarily involved in the reabsorption of water?

Answer 7

Loop of Henle

Question 8

True or False: The renal pelvis collects urine before it moves to the ureters.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What is the role of the collecting duct in the nephron?

Answer 9

Concentrates urine

Question 10

What hormone regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Answer 10

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 11

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys? A) Regulation of blood pressure B) Filtration of blood C) Production of bile D) Regulation of electrolytes

Answer 11

C) Production of bile

Question 12

What is the primary function of the kidneys in pH regulation?

Answer 12

Excretion of hydrogen ions and reabsorption of bicarbonate

Question 13

Fill in the blank: The kidneys help maintain acid-base balance by adjusting the levels of ______ in the blood.

Answer 13

Bicarbonate

Question 14

True or False: The kidneys can excrete excess acid to help regulate blood pH.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What is the normal pH range of human blood?

Answer 15

7.35 to 7.45

Question 16

What is the role of bicarbonate in the blood?

Answer 16

Buffering agent to maintain pH

Question 17

Multiple Choice: Which of the following conditions could result from renal failure? A) Metabolic acidosis B) Respiratory alkalosis C) Hyperventilation D) Dehydration

Answer 17

A) Metabolic acidosis

Question 18

What is the significance of the renal threshold?

Answer 18

It is the concentration at which a substance begins to appear in urine.

Question 19

Which part of the nephron is mainly involved in the secretion of potassium?

Answer 19

Distal convoluted tubule

Question 20

True or False: The ureters are responsible for transporting urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

What is the function of the renal artery?

Answer 21

Supplies blood to the kidneys

Question 22

What is the primary waste product excreted by the kidneys?

Answer 22

Urea

Question 23

Fill in the blank: The ______ is a network of capillaries where blood filtration occurs.

Answer 23

Glomerulus

Question 24

What role do the kidneys play in electrolyte balance?

Answer 24

Regulate levels of sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphate

Question 25

Multiple Choice: Which of the following ions is primarily secreted by the kidneys to help regulate pH? A) Sodium B) Potassium C) Hydrogen D) Chloride

Answer 25

C) Hydrogen

Question 26

True or False: The renal system can compensate for respiratory acidosis.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

What is the role of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

Answer 27

Regulates blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate

Question 28

Which hormone is secreted in response to low blood pressure?

Answer 28

Renin

Question 29

Fill in the blank: The ______ limb of the Loop of Henle is permeable to water.

Answer 29

Descending

Question 30

What is the primary mechanism by which the kidneys regulate blood pH?

Answer 30

Reabsorption of bicarbonate and secretion of hydrogen ions

Question 31

True or False: The kidneys can produce glucose through gluconeogenesis.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

What is the effect of aldosterone on the kidneys?

Answer 32

Increases sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion

Question 33

What is the significance of the countercurrent multiplication system?

Answer 33

It enables the kidneys to concentrate urine.

Question 34

Fill in the blank: The renal ______ is the functional part of the kidney that includes the cortex and medulla.

Answer 34

Parenchyma

Question 35

Multiple Choice: Which part of the nephron is primarily responsible for the reabsorption of glucose? A) Proximal convoluted tubule B) Loop of Henle C) Distal convoluted tubule D) Collecting duct

Answer 35

A) Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 36

What is the role of the renal vein?

Answer 36

Drains blood from the kidneys

Question 37

True or False: The kidneys can directly alter blood pressure.

Answer 37

False

Question 38

What is the primary function of the urethra?

Answer 38

Transports urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

Question 39

Fill in the blank: The kidneys play a crucial role in regulating the body’s ______ balance.

Answer 39

Fluid

Question 40

What is the primary site of filtration in the nephron?

Answer 40

Bowman's capsule

Question 41

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common indicator of kidney function? A) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) B) Blood glucose C) Serum calcium D) Serum potassium

Answer 41

A) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Question 42

What is the effect of parathyroid hormone on the kidneys?

Answer 42

Increases calcium reabsorption and phosphate excretion

Question 43

True or False: The kidneys are located retroperitoneally.

Answer 43

True

Question 44

What is the primary function of the renal corpuscle?

Answer 44

Filtration of blood to form urine

Question 45

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the part of the nephron where the majority of solute and water reabsorption occurs.

Answer 45

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 46

What is the significance of urine concentration?

Answer 46

It reflects the body's hydration status and kidney function.

Question 47

Multiple Choice: Which of the following best describes the function of the Loop of Henle? A) Reabsorption of glucose B) Concentration of urine C) Filtration of blood D) Secretion of electrolytes

Answer 47

B) Concentration of urine

Question 48

What is the role of the bladder in the urinary system?

Answer 48

Stores urine until it is excreted

Question 49

True or False: The kidneys produce urine continuously.

Answer 49

True

Question 50

What is the effect of dehydration on kidney function?

Answer 50

It leads to increased reabsorption of water and concentrated urine.