Renal Anatomy - Kidney

Question 1

4 main functions of kidney

Answer 1

filter blood waste products
maintain electrolyte homeostasis
control BP
produce hormones that regulate RBC production (erythropoietin)

Question 2

where are kidneys located

Answer 2

between T12-L3

Question 3

which kidney is higher up

Answer 3

left kidney (liver pushes right kidney down)

Question 4

at what level of the spinal cord is the hilum located

Answer 4

L2

Question 5

kidneys are covered by what muscle group

Answer 5

erector spinae muscle group

Question 6

3 main region of the kidney

Answer 6

cortex
medulla
pelvis

Question 7

where does the collecting system begin

Answer 7

renal pelvis

Question 8

What portion is the outer portion and which is the inner portion

Answer 8

cortex = outer
medulla = inner

Question 9

what does the cortex contain

Answer 9

glomeruli
convoluted tubules

Question 10

what does the medulla contain

Answer 10

pyramids
renal papillae
major and minor calices
renal pelvis

Question 11

what is found within pyramids

Answer 11

collecting ducts
vasa recta (peritubular capillaries)

Question 12

what is between each pyramid

Answer 12

renal column

Question 13

where do kidney stones commonly lodge

Answer 13

ureteropelvic junction
ureterovesicular junction
brim of the iliac crest

Question 14

outermost tissue layer surrounding kidney

Answer 14

renal fascia (or perirenal fascia)

Question 15

middle tissue layer covering kidney

Answer 15

perirenal fat

Question 16

innermost tissue covering kidney

Answer 16

renal capsule

Question 17

function of perirenal fat

Answer 17

structure/support for renal vessels
protects kidney from trauma

Question 18

what does kidney share blood supply with

Answer 18

adrenal gland

Question 19

primary blood supply to kidney

Answer 19

renal artery

Question 20

venous drainage of kidney

Answer 20

renal vein

Question 21

additional blood supply of adrenal gland

Answer 21

inferior adrenal artery
middle adrenal artery
superior adrenal artery

Question 22

inferior adrenal artery branches from

Answer 22

renal artery

Question 23

middle adrenal artery branches from

Answer 23

abdominal aorta

Question 24

superior adrenal artery branches from

Answer 24

inferior phrenic artery

Question 25

primary adrenal vein

Answer 25

suprarenal vein

Question 26

drainage of suprarenal vein on the left

Answer 26

renal vein

Question 27

drainage of suprarenal vein on the right

Answer 27

IVC

Question 28

which renal vessels are large enough to be identified on angiography

Answer 28

renal, segmental, interlobar

Question 29

where is the avascular plane of the kidney found

Answer 29

opposite of the hilum

Question 30

the avascular plane of the kidney is also known as

Answer 30

Brodel’s line

Question 31

accessory renal vessels

Answer 31

branches from aorta and enters at hilum

Question 32

aberrant renal vessels

Answer 32

branches from aorta and enters cortex outside of hilum

Question 33

where are aberrant renal vessels most common

Answer 33

inferior

Question 34

Primitive kidney

Answer 34

mesonephros

Question 35

when does mesonephros atrophy by

Answer 35

week 10

Question 36

will become mature kidney

Answer 36

metanephros

Question 37

contains precursor for the ureter

Answer 37

metanephros

Question 38

what is the actual specific precursor for the ureter found in the metanephros

Answer 38

ureteric bud