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Medicine > Renal anatomy & physiology > Flashcards

Renal anatomy & physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Position of kidney in accordance verterbral level ?

A

Between T12-T13 vertebra

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2
Q

Amount of blood supply kidney receive?

A

20-25% cardiac output

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3
Q

Position of kidney in accordance location in abdomen ?

A

Retroperitoneal organ

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4
Q

Relation of hilum from anterior to posterior ?

A

Mnemonics : VAP
* renal vein
* renal artery
* renal pelvis

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5
Q

Covering of kidney from inside outwards ?

A
  1. Fibrous capsule
  2. Perirenal fat
  3. Renal fascia of gerota ( False capsule)
  4. Para renal fat
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6
Q

Agents causing Mesengial cell relaxation ?

A
  1. ANP
  2. Prostaglandin E2
  3. cAMP
  4. Dopamine
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7
Q

Hormones acting on Distal convoluted tubule ?

A
  1. Aldosterone
  2. ANP
  3. ADH
  4. Calcitriol
  5. PTH
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8
Q

Hormones acting on PCT ?

A
  1. PTH
  2. Angiotensin 2
    3.Dopamine
  3. Catecholamines
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9
Q

Peculiarities of trigone of bladder?

A
  1. Most fixed and Dependent part
  2. Rich vascular and nerve supply
  3. Developed from mesoderm
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10
Q

Parasympathetic supply of urinary bladder ?

A

S2 - S4
Detrusor contraction, internal sphincter relaxation

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11
Q

sympathetic supply of urinary bladder ?

A

T10-L2
Detrusor relaxation
I.U.S contraction

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12
Q

Somatic control of urinary bladder by?

A

Pudendal nerve

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13
Q

Site of action of Aldosterone in kidney ?

A

DCT & CT

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14
Q

site of action of ADH in kidney ?

A

DCT & CT

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15
Q

Site of action of ANP in kidney ?

A

DCT & CD

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16
Q

Site of action of PTH in kidney ?

A

PCT, DCT, Think ascending limb of loop of henle

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17
Q

Site of action of Epinephrine , nor epinephrine , Prostaglandin ?

A

Afferent & Efferent arteriole

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18
Q

Endocrine function of kidney ?

A

Kidney secretes :
1. Erythropoietin
2. Renin
3. 1,25 D cholecaciferol
4. Thromboxane

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19
Q

Metabolic function of kidney ?

A
  1. Gluconeogenesis
  2. Transamination
  3. Deamination
20
Q

Substances completely reabsorbed by kidney ?

A

Completely reabsorbed: Glucose
Amino acid
Proteins
Vitamins
Acetoacetate ions

21
Q

Partially reabsorbed by kidney?

A

Partially reabsorbed:

Water & electrolytes
Keto acids
Urea
Uric acid
Na+,K+, Ca2+,Mg2+,PO4, HCO3-

22
Q

Substance not reabsorbed by kidney?

A

Inulin
Creatinine
Mannitol
Sucrose

23
Q

What is Myogenic mechanism in autoregulation of Renal blood flow?

A

Renal afferent arterioles contract in response to stretch . Thus increased renal arterial pressure stretches the arterioles , which contract and increase resistance to maintain constant blood flow.

24
Q

Most important buffer in blood ?

A

Bicarbonate buffer

25
Q

most important buffer in RBC?

A

Haemoglobin buffer

26
Q

Most important buffer in Plasma / ECF ?

A

Bicarbonate buffer

27
Q

Most important buffer in urine?

A

Ammonia buffer

28
Q

How kidney regulates acid base balance ?

A

Kidney regulates acid base balance by : 1.Secretion of H+
2. Reabsorption of filtered
HCO3
-3. Generation of new HCO3-

29
Q

Diuretics acting on PCT ?

A
  1. Osmotic diuretic
  2. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
30
Q

Diuretics acting on Collecting tubule?

A
  1. Aldosterone antagonist
  2. Na+ channel blocker
31
Q

Diuretics acting on Early distal tubule ?

A

Thiazide diuretics

32
Q

Diuretics acting on Thick ALLH ?

A

Loop diuretics

33
Q

What is the limiting pH of urine

A

4.5

34
Q

What is the countercurrent multiplier in nephron ?

A

Loop of henle

35
Q

What is the countercurrent exchanger in nephron ?

A

Vasa recta

36
Q

What are the functions of Mesangial cell ?

A
  1. uptake of immune complex
  2. Produce PG
  3. Have receptor for Angiotensin 2, ADH, Insulin like growth factor
37
Q

Renin secreted by which cell ?

A

JG cell

38
Q

What are the renal vasodilator ?

A

Mnemonic : BD তে PG NA
B: Bradykinin
D:Dopamine
PG: Prostaglandin
N: Nitric oxide
A: ANP

39
Q

Which cell lies in the central region of glomerulus?

A

Mesangial cell

40
Q

What are the characteristics of Mesangial cell?

A

/ Smooth muscle cell
/ Contractile
/ Vasoactive

41
Q

Location of JG cell?

A

Afferent arteriole ( in tunica media)

42
Q

Location of macula densa?

A

Distal tubule

43
Q

Location of Lacis cell?

A

At the Junction between afferent & efferent arteriole

44
Q

Physiological substance secreted by kidney ?

A
  1. Hydrogen ion
  2. Ammonia
  3. Potassium
45
Q

Source of Angiotensin converting enzyme ?

A

Lungs

46
Q

Source of Angiotensinogen?

A

Liver

47
Q

Source of Angiotensin 2?

A

Kidney

Medicine (9 decks)

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