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Renal Antomy Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

When are the kidneys palatable

A

When enlarged
Very low body fat

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2
Q

Why is the right kidney lower than the left kidney

A

Liver

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3
Q

Where is the renal angle

A

Junction of 12th rib and lateral border of erector spinae

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4
Q

Kidney functions

A

Maintain fluid balance
Regulate and filter blood
Synthesis and release hormones

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5
Q

What organs are on anterior to the right kidney

A

Liver
Duodenum
R colic/hepatic flexture

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6
Q

What organs are anterior to the left kidney

A

Spleen
Stomach
Pancreas
L colic/splenic flexure
Small intestine

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7
Q

Hepatorenal recess

A

Potential space that separates the liver and right kidney

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8
Q

What potential space is between the liver and right kidney

A

Hepatorenal recess/ pouch of morison

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9
Q

Is the hepatorenal recess usually visible on ultrasound

A

No

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10
Q

What can collect in the hepatorenal recess

A

Fluid - when lying

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11
Q

What conditions make the hepatorenal recess very defined on ultrasound

A

Haemoperitoneum
Ascites
Pancreatitis

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12
Q

What structures are posterior to the kidneys

A

Branches of lumbar plexus
Muscles

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13
Q

What layer immediately covers the kidneys

A

Perinephric fat

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14
Q

What are the 2 layers of fat covering the kidneys

A

Perinephric fat
Paranephric fat

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15
Q

What separates the Perinephric fat and paranephric fat

A

Renal fascia

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16
Q

What is the outer part of the kidney

A

Fibrous Capsule

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17
Q

What 3 structures are in the kidney hilum

A

Renal pelvis
Renal artery
Renal vein

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18
Q

What is between the adrenal gland and kidney

A

Fat

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19
Q

What does the renal pelvis become

A

Ureter

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20
Q

Is the cortex or medulla lighter coloured

A

Cortex

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21
Q

What does fluid drain through to reach the renal pelvis

A

Renal papilla

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22
Q

What are the sections of the renal medulla called

A

Renal pyramids

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23
Q

Renal pyramids

A

Sections of kidney medulla

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24
Q

Renal columns

A

Areas of cortex that extend down between renal pyramids

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25
What separates renal pyramids
Renal columns
26
What is the functional unit of the kidney
Nephron
27
What is the function of the glomerulus and nephron tubule
Glomerulus - filters blood Tubule - returns needed substances to blood and removes waste
28
What do the interlobar arteries in the kidneys become
Arcuate arteries
29
How does blood travel from the interlobar arteries to interlobar veins
Interlobar art -> afferent arterioles -> glomerulus -> efferent arterioles -> vasa reacts -> interlobular veins
30
What does the renal artery branch into
Segmental arteries -> interlobar arteries
31
why is the left renal vein longer than the right renal vein
Has to cross over abdo aorta
32
What veins drain into the left renal vein
Left adrenal veins Left Gonadal veins
33
Innervation of the kidneys
Renal plexus
34
What are the nerve roots of the renal plexus
T10-L2
35
Where is pain in the kidneys referred to
Flank/groin
36
Are the ureters intra or Retroperitoneal
Retro
37
How is movement of fluid from the bladder to the ureters prevented
One way flap valve as ureters enter bladder
38
Layers of the ureter wall
Transitional epithelium mucosa Smooth muscle muscular is Fibrous CT adventitia
39
What are the 3 constriction sites in the ureters
Uteropelvic junction Pelvic inlet Uterovesical junction
40
Where do the ureters pass over the pelvic brim
Bifurcation of common iliac arteries
41
Where do visceral afferents from the ureters enter the spinal cord
T11-L1/2
42
Which nerves cause referred pain in the loin from the kidneys
Ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves
43
Which nerve causes referred pain from the kidneys in the groin
Genitofemoral nerve
44
How does pain location change as a kidney stone moves down the ureters
Loin to groin
45
Why does pain from a stone in the ureter come open waves
Peristalsis
46
Where is the bladder located in children
Abdomen
47
Is the bladder intra or Retroperitoneal
Retro
48
What part of the bladder does the urethra begin at
Base of bladder
49
3 layers of the bladder wall
Transitional epithelial mucosa Thick muscular layer Fibrous adventitia
50
What is the only fixed part of the bladder
Trigone
51
What structures are at the corners of the trigone
Urethra opening Ureter openings
52
What controls flow of urine into the urethra
Sphincters
53
Which urethral sphincter is present in males and females
External urethral sphincter
54
Which urethral sphincter is only present in males
Internal urethral sphincter
55
Where is the external urethral sphincter
Surrounds urethra as it passes through urogenital diapragm
56
Where is the internal urethral sphincter
Bladder urethra junction in males
57
Which urethral sphincter is involuntary
Internal urethral sphincter
58
What does the internal urethral sphincter prevent
Retrograde ejaculation
59
3 parts of the male urethra
Prostatic Membranous Spongy
60
Micturition
Urination
61
What triggers urination
Distension of bladder walls
62
Which nerve innervates the external urethral sphincter
Pudendal nerve
63
Is urination caused by sympathetic or parasympathetic innervation
Parasympathetic
64
What 3 muscles are involved in urination
Detrusor muscle Internal urethral sphincter External urethral sphincter
65
How does parasympathetic innervation cause urination
Stimulates detrusor muscle to contract Inhibits internal urethral sphincter
66
What type of innervation supplies the external urethral sphincter
Somatic

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