renal cystic disease

Question 1

what is medullary sponge kidney?

Answer 1

Multiple cystic dilatations of the CDs in the medulla
Typically presents in 20-30s
Commoner in females
Often asymptomatic, but predisposes to
 Hypercalciuria and nephrolithiasis
 Recurrent UTIs and pyelonephritis
 Haematuria
Renal function is usually normal

Question 1

what is tuberous sclerosis/bourneville’s disease?

Answer 1

Autosomal domiannt condition with hamartomas in skin, brain, eye, kidney

Skin: nasolabial adenoma sebaceum, ash-leaf macules, peri-ungual fibromas

Neuro: ↓IQ, epilepsy

Renal: cysts, angiomyolipomas

Question 2

what are the differentials for renal enlargement?

Answer 2

PHONOS

Polycystic kidneys: ADPKD, ARPKD, TS

Hypertrophy 2O to contralateral renal agenesis

Obstruction (hydronephrosis)

Neoplasia: RCC, myeloma, amyloidosis

Occlusion (renal vein thrombosis)

Systemic: early DM, amyloid