Flashcards in Renal Disorders I Deck (42)
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1
Clinical symptoms of acute kidney injury
- oliguria
- elevated serum creatinine
2
Clinical signs of nephrotic syndrome
- severe proteinuria
3
Clinical signs of nephritic syndrome
- hematuria
4
Location of injury in acute kidney injury
- proximal tubule, sometimes distal tubule
5
Location of injury in nephrotic syndrome
- glomerular capillary filtration defect (podocyte defect)
6
Location of injury in nephritic syndrome
- breaks in the glomerular capillary loops
7
Possible diagnoses for acute kidney injury
- acute tubular necrosis
- acute interstitial nephritis
- acute pyelonephritis
8
Possible diagnoses for nephrotic syndrome
- membranous nephropathy
- FSGS
- minimal change disease
9
Possible diagnoses for nephritic syndrome
- acute nephritic syndrome: crescentic glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis, post infectious glomerulonephritis
- isolated hematuria: IgA nephropathy, alport's disease
10
Clinical indicators of renal dysfunction
- edema
- decreased renal output
- foamy urine: proteinuria
- dark or red urine: hematuria (tea colored, cola colored)
11
Laboratory indicators of renal dysfunction
- increased creatinine, blood urea nitrogen
- increased protein excretion (urine dipstick, urine protein/creatinine ratio, 24 hour urine protein)
- hematuria (urine dipstick, microscopic exam)
12
Signs of chronic kidney disease
- Glomerular sclerosis
- interstitial fibrosis
- tubular atrophy
13
Ways to assess renal biopsy
- light microscopy
- immunofluorescence microscopy
- electron microscopy
14
Patterns of immunofluorescence staining in glomerulus
- linear capillary loop pattern
- granular capillary loop pattern
- mesangial pattern
15
Disease associated with linear capillary loop pattern immunofluorescence stain
- Anti-GBM disease
16
Diseases associated with granular capillary loop pattern immunofluorescence stain
- membranous nephropathy, lupus nephritis
17
Diseases associated with mesangial pattern immunofluorescence stain
- IgA nephropathy, lupus nephritis
18
Layers of basement membrane
- lamina externa
- lamina densa
- lamina interna
19
Mechanisms of glomerular injury
1. immune mechanisms: immune complex mediated, T-cell mediated
2. non immune mechanisms: structural disorders
20
Disorder associated with immune complex mediated glomerular injury
- membranous glomerulopathy
21
Disorders associated with T-cell mediated glomerular injury
- minimal change disease
- lupus nephritis
22
Disorder associated with non immune glomerular injury
- alport's syndrome
23
Mutation associated with alport's syndrome
- mutation in collagen type IV gene
- leads to structural weakness in basement membrane b/c it's composed of collagen type IV
24
Patient presentation and lab values seen with acute kidney injury
- decreased urinary output (oliguria), and uremia (azotemia)
- labs: increased serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen
25
Types of acute kidney injury
- pre renal
- renal
- post renal
26
Pre renal acute kidney injury causes
- cardiac shock, dehydration
27
Renal acute kidney injury
- tubulointerstitial diseases
28
Post renal acute kidney injury causes
- obstructive renal stone
29
Causes of acute kidney injury
- acute tubular necrosis
- acute interstitial nephritis
- acute pyelonephritis
30
