Renal Drugs II- Al Mehdi

Question 1

nephrotoxic drugs that worsen renal hypoperfusion

Answer 1

ACEIs/ARBs

Question 2

drugs that cause nephrotoxicity in PCT

Answer 2

Aminoglycosides

Question 3

drugs that cause afferent vasoconstriction; nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

Answer 3

Amphotericin B (anti-fungal)

Question 4

these types of drugs can lead to diabetes insipidus

Answer 4

antiviral drugs

Question 5

drugs that cause ischemia b/c drop in PGE2; production of vasoconstriction

Answer 5

calcineurin inhibitors (Cyclosporine and tacrolimus)

Question 6

chemotherapy drug that can cause diabetes insipidus

Answer 6

Cisplatin

Question 7

chemotherapy drug that can cause hemorrhagic cystitis

Answer 7

IFOSFAMIDE

Question 8

used to prevent/manage side effect (hemorrhagic cystitis) of IFOSFAMIDE

Answer 8

MESNA

Question 9

sucrose containing IVIG increases what

Answer 9

osmolarity

Question 10

element (drug) that can cause diabetes insipidus

Answer 10

lithium

Question 11

increase hypoperfusion and inhibit diuretic effect

Answer 11

NSAIDs

Question 12

induces kidney damage

Answer 12

radiocontrast media

Question 13

specific drugs that can lead to kidney stone formation

Answer 13

Sulfa Drugs

Question 14

2 main drugs used for uncomplicated UTI’s

Answer 14

sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim
Ciprofloxacin

Question 15

fluoroquinolone that inhibits DNA gyrase in gram -

Answer 15

Cipro

Question 16

Ceftriaxone
Doxycycline
Azithromycin
used to treat what

Answer 16

urethritis

Question 17

binds 30S and inhibits protein synthesis

Answer 17

Doxycycline

Question 18

binds 50S and inhibits protein synthesis

Answer 18

Azithromycin

Question 19

Ca2+ induced Ca2+ release see in what receptor

Answer 19

RyR

Question 20

release of Ca2+ from endoplasmic reticulum causes inhibition of what 2 things

Answer 20

renin
PTH

Question 21

Ca2+ binding receptor ______ causes inhibition of Ca2+ reabsorption

Answer 21

CaSR

Question 22

what drug and hormone act on early DCT and increase Ca2+ reabsorption

Answer 22

Thiazides
PTH

Question 23

mutation in Ca2+ sensing receptor (CaSR) causes too much _____release

Answer 23

PTH

Question 24

too much PTH release and Ca2+ reabsorption due to mutation in CaSR in Thick ascending limb

Answer 24

familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH)

Question 25

drug that activates CaSR

Answer 25

CINACALCET

Question 26

increases gut absorption of Ca2+ tubular reabsorption of Ca2+ bone resorption of Ca2+

Answer 26

vitamin D

Question 27

what suppresses PTH

Answer 27

vitamin D

Question 28

uremia does what to vitamin D and then PTH

Answer 28

decreases vitamin D; leads to secondary hyperparathyroidism

Question 29

Sevelamer carbonate, lanthanum carbonate, ferric citrate decrease absorption of what

Answer 29

phosphate

Question 30

Cyclosporine, tacrolimus, sirolimus are used for what

Answer 30

prophylaxis of organ rejection in kidney transplant

Question 31

BEVACIZUMAB

Answer 31

-mab used for renal cell carcinoma

Question 32

IPILIMUMAB

Answer 32

anti-CTLA4

Question 33

Abatacept belatacept

Answer 33

decoy CTLA4

Question 34

NIVOLUMAB PEMBROLIZUMAB

Answer 34

anti-PD1

Question 35

this drug makes prostate cancer worse for the first few days (increase in LH, FSH, testosterone) and then causes densitization and decrease in LH and FSH

Answer 35

LEUPROLIDE

Question 36

GnRH receptor antagonist (used in advanced prostate cancer)

Answer 36

DEGARELIX

Question 37

used when LEUPROLIDE or DEGARELIX fail

Answer 37

SIPULEUCEL-T

Question 38

Rx hemorrhagic cystitis

Answer 38

MESNA

Question 39

used in testicular cancer

Answer 39

IFOSFAMIDE

Question 40

used in a variety of different cancers

Answer 40

CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE

Question 41

-mab used in renal cell carcinoma

Answer 41

BEVACIZUMAB

Question 42

-NIBS and -TINIBS used in ______

Answer 42

advanced renal cell carcinoma

Question 43

M3 agonist used in atonic bladder

Answer 43

BETHANECHOL

Question 44

B3 agonist used for overactive bladder

Answer 44

MIRABEGRON

Question 45

OXYBUTYNIN PROPANTHELINE BROMIDE

Answer 45

M3 blocker for overactive bladder

Question 46

PRAZOSIN DOXAZOSIN TERAZOSIN TAMSULOSIN

Answer 46

a1 blockers for BPH (enlarged prostate)

Question 47

SE of a1 blockers for BPH

Answer 47

orthostatic hypotension

Question 48

highly selective a1 blocker for BPH that has less orthostatic hypotension

Answer 48

TAMSULOSIN

Question 49

where does SILDENAFIL act

Answer 49

E (corpus cavernosum)

Question 50

drug used in erectile dysfunction (targets blood filling areas)

Answer 50

SILDENAFIL

Question 51

what to exclude first if patient comes in w/ anemia

Answer 51

CKD

Question 52

NKCC2 mutation at TAL; as if on Furosemide; AR

Answer 52

Bartter Syndrome

Question 53

NCC mutation at early DCT; as if on HCTZ; AR

Answer 53

Gitelman syndrome

Question 54

ENaC gain of function mutation at late DCT/CD; as if too much aldosterone; AD

Answer 54

Liddle syndrome

Question 55

2 syndromes that deal with low K+ alkalosis, normal bp, Na+ wasting

Answer 55

Bartter and Gitelman

Question 56

deals with low K+ alkalosis and HTN

Answer 56

Liddle syndrome

Question 57

cell of late DCT and CD that is used in response to acidosis (secretes H+)

Answer 57

alpha intercalated cells

Question 58

how body responds to hypokalemia

Answer 58

alpha intercalated cells bring in more K+ and secrete more H+ (leads to alkalosis

Question 59

cells in late DCT and CD that respond to alkalosis

Answer 59

beta intercalated cells

Question 60

HCO3- secreted into urine and Cl- brought into cell by what

Answer 60

pendrin

Question 61

in Cl- depletion due to vomiting, what drug to give

Answer 61

NaCl

Question 62

when patient loses Cl- and H+ what does it lead to

Answer 62

alkalosis

Question 63

what causes loss of HCO3- w/ normal AG metabolic acidosis

Answer 63

diarrhea RTA type II

Question 64

Cl- removed by emesis (vomiting), what increases in serum

Answer 64

HCO3-

Question 65

what maintains Cl- depletion alkalosis

Answer 65

Cl-/HCO3- exchanger (pendrin); and replenish alkalosis with NaCl