Renal embryology

Question 1

Mesoderm has 3 parts - paraxial, intermediate plate and lateral plate

Which part do the kidneys and ureters develop from

Answer 1

intermediate plate

Question 2

What is the allantois

Answer 2

Outpouching of endoderm in the hindgut region that extends into body stalk (future umbilical cord)

Question 3

What is the cloaca

Answer 3

Future posterior opening of the GI tract, i.e. anal opening

Question 4

Urogenital sinus derived from cloaca ultimately forms what (2)

Answer 4

urinary bladder + urethra

Question 5

Cloaca (future posterior opening of GI tract) divides posteriorly and anteriorly into

Answer 5

Rectum - posterior

Urogenital sinus - anterior

Question 6

Urogenital sinus is derived from the

Answer 6

cloaca

Question 7

Kidneys and ureter develop form intermediate plate mesoderm but urinary bladder and urethra develop from what germ layer

Answer 7

endoderm

Question 8

Intermediate plate mesoderm in week 4 becomes the

Answer 8

pronephros

Question 9

Intermediate plate mesoderm in the NECK REGION in early week 4 becomes the pronephros which consists of (2)

Answer 9

pronephric duct + rudimentary pronephric tubules

Question 10

Intermediate plate mesoderm in the TRUNK REGION in late week 4 becomes the

Answer 10

mesonephros

Question 11

Pronephric duct becomes the what duct

Answer 11

mesonephric duct

Question 12

Mesonephros functions as what for the first 4 weeks

Answer 12

kidneys

Question 13

Mesonephros functions as the temporary kidneys for the first 4 weeks, then what starts to develop from week 5 to form the definitive kidneys

Answer 13

metanephros

Question 14

Metanephros consists of (2)

Answer 14

Ureteric bud
Metanephric mesoderm (caudal part of intermediate plate mesoderm)

Question 15

What happens to the mesonephros after its function as the kidneys is taken over by the metanephros

Answer 15

incorporated into the developing sex organs –> repro system

Question 16

Ureteric bud (part of metanephros) becomes what

Answer 16

renal pelvis/ureter

Question 17

Ureteric bud (part of metanephros) branches to form what (4)

Answer 17

calyces
collecting duct
renal pelvis
ureter

Question 18

Ureteric bud and metanephric mesoderm do what to each other

Answer 18

reciprocally induce each other to grow (ureteric bud becomes the ureter and metanephric mesoderm become the nephrons)

Question 19

Nephron consists of (4)

Answer 19

Renal corpuscle + PCT + Loop of Henle + DCT

Question 20

Uriniferous tubule = (2)

Answer 20

Nephron + Collecting duct

Question 21

Nephron (renal corpuscle + PCT + Loop of Henle + DCT) derived from what

Answer 21

metanephric mesoderm

Question 22

Calyces and collecting duct derived from what

Answer 22

ureteric bud

Question 23

Kidneys ascend up abdomen until they come into contact with

Answer 23

adrenal glands

Question 24

Mesonephric duct drains into

Answer 24

cloaca (future bladder)

Question 25

Allantois (outpuching on endoderm in hindgut region) obliterates to form remnant known as

Answer 25

median umbilical ligament or embryonic urachus

Question 26

Hilum of the kidneys rotate from ventrally to face

Answer 26

medially