Renal Emergencies Flashcards
(13 cards)
what are renal emergencies?
- hyperkalemia
- volume overload
- metabolic acidosis
- uremia
- toxins
how does hyperkalemia predispose to cardiac arrhythmia?
resting potential becomes more positive (closer to threshold potential)
effects of hyperkalemia
- muscle weakness
- myocardial irritability
hyperkalemia causes
- factitious
- high intake
- intracellular shift
- intracellular release
- poor excretion
how much more calcium in CaCl2 vs Ca gluconate?
3x
who should receive calcium tx in hyperkalemia?
nearly all cases, unless hypercalcemic or on digoxin
when do you still give calcium for hyperkalemia treatment even if on digoxin?
loss of P waves or interventricular conduction delay (IVCD)
total body K+
~ 3500 meq
only 50-60 meq in extracellular space
where is most of the K+ in body stored?
muscle cells
hyperkalemia treatment: insulin
- onset
- duration
- 10 to 20 minutes
- ~ 4 hours
hyperkalemia treatment: insulin
- expected drop in K+
0.6 to 1 meq/L
hyperkalemia treatment: insulin
- major adverse effect
HYPOGLYCEMIA
may occur in up to 75% of ESRD
hyperkalemia treatment: nebulized albuterol
- onset
- duration
-
