Renal Function, Acid-Base Disorders Flashcards Preview

Spring 15 - GU, Nephro > Renal Function, Acid-Base Disorders > Flashcards

Flashcards in Renal Function, Acid-Base Disorders Deck (21)
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1
Q

3 Metabolic Functions of the Kidneys

A
  • activation of vitamin D
  • gluconeogenesis
  • metabolism of endogenous compounds (insulin and steroids)
2
Q

3 Endocrine Functions of the Kidneys

A
  • renin secretion
  • erythropoietin secretion
  • metabolism of prostaglandins and kinins
3
Q

What is renin/what does it do?

A
  • powerful regulator of BP

- plays a role in many types of HTN

4
Q

What happens to EPO secretion with decreased renal mass? How can it be corrected?

A
  • decreased renal mass = decreased EPO
  • correct by giving EPOGEN
  • decreased GFR –> decreased EPO –> anemia
5
Q

What happens in glomerular filtration?

A
  • passive diffusion of water and small molecules in Bowman’s capsule
  • proteins not normally filtered
  • in glomerular disease, lose selective process for filtering proteins
  • protein is lost to the urine –> proteinuria
6
Q

What happens with renal secretion?

A

-active transport in proximal tubule

7
Q

What happens in renal reabsorption?

A

-reabsorption of water and solutes throughout the nephron

8
Q

How is creatinine clearance measured?

A
  • with 24 hr urine

- Cochroft Gault equation

9
Q

What is a normal creatinine?

A
  • normal range values can be misleading b/c it is based on pt’s weight
  • normal is 0.7-1.2
10
Q

What stage of renal dz are most patients in?

A

stage 3

11
Q

At which stage of renal dz is dialysis started?

A

stage 5

12
Q

What are the 4 primary acid-base disorders?

A
  • metabolic acidosis
  • metabolic alkalosis
  • resp acidosis
  • resp alkalosis
13
Q

What acid-base disorders can never occur together?

A

-resp acidosis and resp alkalosis

14
Q

What is the pH level used to determine acidosis vs. alkalosis?

A

pH > 7.4 = alkalosis

pH < 7.4 = acidosis

15
Q

What acid-base condition is it if PCO2 is much less than 40 mmHg?

A

resp alkalosis

16
Q

What acid-base condition is it if bicarb is > 25 mEq/L?

A

metabolic alkalosis

17
Q

What acid-base condition is it if PCO2 is greater than 44?

A

resp acidosis

18
Q

What acid-base condition is it if bicarb is < 25 mEq/L?

A

metabolic acidosis

19
Q

How do you calculate the anion gap?

A

anion gap = sodium - (bicarb + chloride)

20
Q

What does an anion gap increased > 20 mEq/L indicate?

A

metabolic acidosis

21
Q

What might cause a low anion gap?

A

-abnormal protein in blood or barium poisoning