Renal/GU Flashcards
(53 cards)
1
Q
IgA Nephropathy / Berger Dz
- overview
A
- immunoglobulin A and C3 deposits in the mesangium
- MC glomerular dz worldwide, esp Asia
- M > F
2
Q
IgA Nephropathy / Berger Dz
- clinical
A
- gross hematuria 1-2 days after viral URI
- normal complement
- elevated Cr and BUN
- urine: severe proteinuria and hematuria
3
Q
IgA Nephropathy / Berger Dz
- mgmt
A
- low risk of progression: monitor
- high risk progression: ACE/ARB to reduce proteinuria and HTN
4
Q
Hypomg
- clinical
A
- Neuro: tremor, tetany, seizure, weakness
- CV: prolonged QTc, wide QRS
- Hypokalemia
- Abnl calcium metab
5
Q
Chancroid vs. Chancre vs. Lymphogranuloma venerum
A
- Chancroid: painful ulcer, painful inguinal LAD
- syphilis/chancre: painless ulcer, painless LAD
- LV: Painless ulcer, painful LAD
6
Q
Renal Artery stenosis
- MCC (2)
- clinical
A
- atherosclerosis, fibromuscular dysplasia (MC in young F)
- usu asx
- recalcitrant HTN
7
Q
Renal artery stenosis
- dx
A
- duplex doppler (1st line)
- CT angiography
- MR angiography
- renal arteriography: after other tests are nonconclusive and still high suspicion
8
Q
Renal artery stenosis
- mgmt
A
- ACE/ARB for HTN
9
Q
AKI
- criteria
A
- serum Cr inc ≥ 0.3 or ≥ 50% in 48 hours
- serum Cr inc 1.5 x known baseline
- Urine output <0.5 mL/kg/hour >6 hours
10
Q
Cryptorchidism
- when descend
A
- 3-4 months of life
- descent after 6 months is rare
- sx orchiopexy recommended ASAP after 4 months and def before 2 years
11
Q
Chronic bacterial prostatitis
- bugs
A
- E. coli MC
- proteus
- e. faecalis
- klebsiella
- pseudomonas
12
Q
Chronic bacterial prostatitis
- clinical
A
- recurrent UTI
- low back / perineal pain
- urinary retention
- tender, boggy prostate (or normal!)
13
Q
Chronic bacterial prostatitis
- dx
A
- Urine culture prior to and after prostatic massage
14
Q
Chronic bacterial prostatitis
- mgmt
A
- bactrim
- FQ
X 6 weeks
15
Q
Prostate cancer screening
- high risk pts
- when start screening
A
- AA
- fam hx
- BRCA mutations
- screen age 40
16
Q
Prostate cancer screening
- normal risk
A
50-70
17
Q
Acute Interstitial Nephritis
- overview
A
- inflammation or allergic response in interstitial of kidney
18
Q
Acute Interstitial Nephritis
- clinical
A
- Pyuria
- WBC casts***
- hematuria
- fever
- rash
- arthralgia
19
Q
Acute Interstitial Nephritis
- common drugs
- common illness
A
- PCN & cephalosporins
- NSAIDS
- RMSF
- CMV
- Sarcoid, Sjogren, Lupus
20
Q
Overflow incontinence
- causes
A
- blockage of urethra: BPH, stricture
- Detrusor under activity from nerve damage
21
Q
Acute prostatitis
- clinical
A
- fever chills
- malaise
- pelvic pain
- perineal pain
- cloudy urine
- irritative and obstructive sx
- firm, edematous, exquisitely tender prostate on DRE
22
Q
Acute prostatitis
- dx
A
- clinical
- labs: pyuria, bacteriuria, elevated acute phase reactants (ESR, CRP)
- pos blood cultures
23
Q
Acute prostatitis
- mgmt
A
- 1st: bactrim, cipro, levofloxacin X 6 weeks
- Inpt: IV cipro +/- aminoglycoside
24
Q
Balanitis
- overview
- RF
A
- inflammation glans penis, MC in uncircumcised with poor hygiene
- RF: DM, genial trauma, obesity, edematous dz (CHF, cirrhosis, etc)
25
Balanitis
| - clinical
- red
- swelling
- DC: curdlike or purulent
26
Balanitis
| - mgmt
- hygiene
| - anti fungal if no response
27
Chancroid
- bug
- clinical
- dx
- Haemophilus ducreyi
- painful genital ulcer, regional LAD
- clinical- no good tests (r/o syphilis and herpes)
28
Chancroid
| - mgmt
- Ceftriaxone 250 mg IM
| - Azithromycin 1 g PO
29
Prerenal AKI
- Bun:Cr
- Urine Na
- FENa
- >20:1
- < 20
- < 1%
30
ATN (intrinsic) AKI
- BUN:Cr
- Urine Na
- FENa
- <20:1
- >40
- >2%
31
When to treat patient with CKD with EPO
- hgb <10
- adequate iron
* epoetin or darbepoetin
32
BPH
| - mgmt
- alpha-1-adrenergic antagonists (tamsulosin)
- 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors (finasteride)
- TURP
33
Urge incontinence
| - mgmt
- antimuscarinics (oxybutynin)
| - beta-adrenergic agonists (Mirabegron)
34
Hypokalemia
| - EKG
- ST segment depression
- T wave decreased amplitude
- U wave amplitude increased
- Prolonged QT
35
Vesicoureteral Reflux
- cause congenital/primary
- cause secondary
- congenital: short intravesical ureter
| - secondary: due to high voiding pressure in bladder
36
Vesicoureteral Reflux
| - primary: dx
- hydronephrosis on prenatal US
| - febrile UTI in child > renal US
37
Vesicoureteral Reflux
| - dx
- renal US
| - contrast voiding cystourethrogram: better
38
MCC CKD
- DM!
| - HTN second
39
Penile Carcinoma
| - MC type
squamous cell
40
Penile Carcinoma
| - RF
- uncircumcised
- poor local hygiene
- HPV (16, 18)
- Age >60
41
Penile Carcinoma
| - clincial
- small red lesion,
- non-healing ulcer
- purulent or warty growth
- pain uncommon
42
Penile Carcinoma
| - dx
- biopsy of lesion
| - MRI to stage
43
Penile Carcinoma
| - mgmt
surgical excision
44
Urethral stricture
| - etiology
- idiopathic
| - injuries
45
Urethral stricture
| - clinical
- decr stream
- hx recurrent UTI
- incomplete bladder emptying
- urinary spraying
46
Urethral stricture
| - dx
retrograde urethrogram: IDs location and length of stricture
47
Urethral stricture
| - mgmt
- urethral dilation
- urethrotomy
- sx reconstruction
48
MCC nephrotic syndrome in children
minimal change disease
49
Minimal change disease
| - dx
- severe proteinuria >3.5 g/24 hours
- hypoalbuminemia
- hyperlipidemia
- podocyte foot process effacement
50
Minimal change disease
| - clinical
- periorbital edema, weight gain, diarrhea, abd pain, decr urinary output
51
Minimal change disease
| - mgmt
- prednisone
52
Bladder cancer
| - classic presentation
painless hematuria - gross or microscopic
53
Bladder cancer
| - dx
- cystourethroscopy
- urinary cytology
- XR upper GI tract
- CT with and without
