PANCE > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

(46 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Adrenal Insufficiency

- MCC primary

A

autoimmune adrenalitis in US

infectious such as TB worldwide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Adrenal insufficiency

- drug cases of primary

A

ketoconazole

mitotane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Adrenal Crisis

- clinical

A
  • vasodilatory shock
  • fatigue
  • weakness
  • abdominal pain
  • nausea / vomiting
  • weight loss
  • confusion
  • lethargy
  • coma.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Primary Adrenal insufficiency

- clinical

A
  • fatigue
  • weakness
  • malaise
  • weight loss
  • hyperpigmentation
  • abd pain
  • n/v
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Secondary adrenal insufficiency

  • MCC
  • clinical
A

abrupt cessation in steroids

  • fatigue
  • weakness
  • malaise
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Adrenal insufficiency

- lab findings

A
  • hyponatermia
  • hyperkalemia
  • hypoglycemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Adrenal insufficiency

- Screening test

A

serum cortisol: if normal or high can r/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Adrenal insufficiency

- test to distinguish between primary and secondary

A

Plasma corticotropin level (ACTH)

  • primary: high
  • secondary: low

*corticotropin stim test can be used to support dx of primary - cortisol levels will not increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Klinefelter Syndrome

- describe

A
  • MC sex chromosome abnl
  • causes primary hypogonadism
  • 47, xxy karyotype
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Klinefelter Syndrome

- clinical

A
  • present after puberty
  • gynecomastia
  • infertility
  • decreased body hair, energy, libido, and muscle mass
  • Small, firm testes
  • tall stature
  • long limbs
  • Sparse facial hair.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Klinefelter Syndrome

- labs

A
  • testosterone: low

- FSH/LH: normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Klinefelter Syndrome

- at risk for 3 things

A
  1. testicular cancer
  2. autism spectrum disorders
  3. Social challenges
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

PTH

- 3 functions

A
  1. release of Ca from bone
  2. Increase of intestinal Ca absorption BY increasing production of calcitriol (active vitamin D)
  3. Increases tubular reabsorption of Ca in distal renal tubules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hyperparathyroidism

- MCC

A

parathyroid adenoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hyperparathyroidism and MEN1

- risk for what

A

parathyroid adenomas and carcinomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hyperparathyroidism

  • MC presenting sx
  • other sx
A

None :)

- signs of hypercalcemia: bones, stones, moans, and groans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Thyroid storm

- pharm management in order

A
  1. beta blocker
  2. Thionamide (PTU/methimazole): blocks thyroid hormone synthesis
  3. Iodine: inhibits release of stored thyroid hormone
  4. steroids: decreases peripheral conversion of T4 to T3
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pheochromocytoma

- dx testing

A
  • Fractionated metanephrines and catecholamines in 24 hour urine collection
  • Plasma fractionated metanephrines
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pheochromocytoma

- mgmt

Study These Flashcards
A
  • sx resection
  • pre-surgical alpha and beta-adrenergic blockade to prevent hemodynamic swings (PHEnoxyenzamine and PHEntolamine first, then BB)
20
Q

Dyslipidemia

- Screening if higher risk (RF to look for and age range by sex)

Study These Flashcards
A

RF: HTN, DM, Cigs, fam hx of premature coronary heart disease.
Men: initiate 25-30
Female: initiate 30-35

21
Q

Dyslipidemia

- Screening if not high risk

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Men: start at 35
  • Females: start at 45
  • not recommended to screen once >75 yo
22
Q

Diabetes insipidus

- 2 types

Study These Flashcards
A
  • central: decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

- nephrogenic: decreased sensitivity to ADH in the kidneys

23
Q

Central Diabetes insipidus

  • Dx
  • tx
Study These Flashcards
A
  • Vasopressin challenge test: > 50% increase in urine osmolality and decrease urine volume
  • Intranasal DDAVP
24
Q

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

  • Dx
  • tx
Study These Flashcards
A
  • water deprivation test: no change in urine osmolality

- Hctz, amiloride, indomethacin

25
Diabetes insipidus | - labs
- increase in plasma osmolality | - decrease in urine osmolality
26
Metabolic syndrome | - mgmt
- Lifestyle: healthy diet, regular physical activity | - Meds: orlistat, liraglutide, lorcaserin (phentermine and topiramate), phentermine mono therapy
27
Metabolic syndrome | - Pros/Cons to each med
- Liraglutide: good for T2DM, reduces risk of MI in people with DM - Orlistat: GI ADR - Lorcaserin: Similar to orlistat with fewer ADR - phentermine: CI in uncontrolled HTN
28
What is the most important modifiable risk factor for type II diabetes in the US?
Obesity
29
Bisphosphonates | - MOA
inhibit osteoclast activity (reduces bone reduction and turnover)
30
Osteoporosis | - MC fx
- vertebral body compression fractures
31
Myxedema coma | - tx
- thyroid hormone (levothyroxine AND liothyronine) - glucocorticoids (until coexisting adrenal insufficiency is ruled out) - supportive care
32
Thyroid nodule | - first step in workup
TSH - if nl/high: hypothyroidism - subnormal/low: hyperthyroidism and hyperfunctioning nodule
33
Thyroid nodule with low TSH | - next steps in w/u
- Thyroid scinigrpahy | - If cold or indeterminate then FNA bx
34
Turner Syndrome | - overview
- sex chromosome disorder - females - 45, XO
35
Turner Syndrome | - clinical
- MC short stature with stocky appearance - shield chest - widely spaced nipples - short, webbed neck - small mandible - high arched palate - low set ears - low hairline scoliosis and kyphosis - premature ovarian failure - no breast development - primary amenorrhea (can have normal puberty)
36
Turner sydnrome | - MC cardio issues
- coarctation of aorta - bicuspid aortic valve - dyslipidemia - HTN
37
Thyroid nodule | - characteristics that increase likelihood of malignancy
- irregular margins - taller than wide - microcalcification - diameter >1 cm - heterogeneous nodule echogenicity
38
Thyroid Cancer | - 4 types
- Papillary (MC), best prognosis - Follicular - medullary - anaplastic, worst prognosis/most aggressive
39
Medullary thyroid cancer-
neuroendocrine tumors - produce calcitonin - may be part of MEN
40
Thyroid cancer | - dx
- initial: US | - Confirmation: FNA bx
41
Subacute thyroiditis | - progression
- damage to thyroid cells - hyperthyroid first as thyroid hormone is released - hypothyroid second until thyroid cells regenerate and can produce thyroid hormone again
42
Subacute thyroiditis | - mgmt
- Analgesia: NSAIDs, prednisone - BB: hyperadrenergic sx if present - Levothyroxine in some cases but usu not needed - thionamides have no role!
43
Cushings | - dx
- 24 hour urinary free cortisol excretion - late night salivary cortisol - low-dose dexamethasone suppression test - ACTH levels
44
Cushings | - MCC
ACTH-secreting pituitary tumor
45
T2DM | - screening for nephropathy
- urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio - yearly beginning at time of dx - nl: <30 - Persistent: 30-300, severe >300
46
Diabetic nephropathy | - tx
- ACE-i/ARB - tight glycemic control - BP control

PANCE (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions