Renal Path Step 1 review

Question 1

What disease is this via urine specimen?

Answer 1

Crohn’s Disease

Calcium stone, hypocitaturia

Question 2

What bacteria causes this stone?

Answer 2

Proteus Mirabilis

Staphylococcus Saprophyticus

Klebsiella

Struvite or Ammonium Magnesium Phosphate

Question 3

What disease can cause this stone, what is the treatment?

Answer 3

Gout, give allopurinol, alkalize urine

Uric Acid

Question 4

What disease can cause this?

What three things are there a defect in reabsorbing?

Answer 4

Cystine reabsorbing PCT transporter, Fanconi Syndrome, Cystine issues

Cystine Stone

Ornithine, Lysine, Arginine

Question 5

Where does this carcinoma orginate from?

Wha is the immunotherapy?

Answer 5

PCT

aldesleukin stops IL-2

Renal Cell Carcinoma

Question 6

Where does this benign epithelial cell tumor arise from?

What is seen in the path stain?

Answer 6

Collecting Ducts

Large eosinophilic cells with abundant mitochondria without perinuclear clearing

Renal Oncocytoma

Question 7

Wilms tumor

Aniridia (absence of iris)

Genitourinary malformations

Mental Retardation

What is the disease or chromosome deletion?

Answer 7

WT1 deletion, chromosome 11

WAGR

Question 8

Wilms tumor

early onset nephrotic syndrome

male pseudohermaphroditism

Located where?

What am I?

Answer 8

Denys Drash

WT1 mutation Chromosome 11

Question 9

Wilms Tumor

Macroglossia

Organomegaly

Hemihyperplasia

Neonatal hypoglycemia

What am I?

What is the chromosome deletion?

Answer 9

WT-2 Chromosome 11

Beckwith-Wiedemann

Question 10

Painless hematuria, no casts, what could I be?

Answer 10

Transtional Cell Carcinoma

Question 11

Associated with phenacetin, smoking, aniline, and cyclophosphamide

Answer 11

Transitional Cell Carcinoma

Question 12

Why does adenocarcinoma of bladder happen?

Answer 12

urachal remnant, cystitis gland, and estrophy of lower bladder

Question 13

Squamous Cell carcinoma of the bladder is caused by what?

Answer 13

Schistosoma haematobium, chronic cystitis, smoking, chronic nephrolithiasis, painless hematuria

Question 14

What two flavors of this carcinoma are there?

Answer 14

Flat –> mutations in p53

Papillary –> low grade to high grade

Urothelial Carcinoma

Question 15

What differentiates UTI vs pyelonephritis generally?

Answer 15

UTI has no fever

pyelonephritis has a fever

Question 16

What is one way that we can have thyrodization of the kidney?

Answer 16

chronic pyelonephritis

Question 17

What disease is grossly orange nodules that can mimic tumor nodules; characterized by widespread kiney damage due to granulomatous tissue containing foamy macrophages?

Answer 17

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis

Question 18

What renal disease causes a subperioseal thinning of bones?

Answer 18

Renal Osteodystrophy

Question 19

What has brown casts in the urine, can cause metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia?

Answer 19

acute tubular necrosis

Question 20

What is this patient at an increased risk thereof?

Answer 20

Berry aneuryms, MVP, benign Hepatic cysts

PKD1 and PKD2, adults

AD PKD

Question 21

What is this?

Where are the cysts coming from?

What is the main side effect to worry about?

Answer 21

AR PKD

Dilation of collecting ducts

Significant oliguric renal failure

hepatic fibrosis, cysts in the liver

Question 22

Simple Cysts are asymmptomatic, complex cysts have an increased risk of what?

Answer 22

Renal Cell Carcinoma

Question 23

Medullary Cystic disease is due to cysts being formed where?

What will they show up as on an echo?

Answer 23

medullary collecting duct

shrunken kidneys on an echo

Question 24

Angiomyolipoma causes hamartomas that are harmless, what is the overall risk and what disease could they potentially show up from?

Answer 24

risk of causing a hemorrhage

Tuberous sclerosis

Question 25

Who has LOS name four bacteria?

Answer 25

N. Meningitis N. Gonnorhea H. Influenza B. Pertussis

Question 26

What is the first line drug for nocturnal enuresis?

Answer 26

imipramine

Question 27

What drug treats bipolar disorder, seizures at the same time? What does it inhibit?

Answer 27

Valproic Acid GABA transaminase

Question 28

What is used for migraine prevention that is no Sumatriptan, blocks Na channels?

Answer 28

Topiramate

Question 29

What does Tiagabine do? What does Vigabatrin do?

Answer 29

Tie on car lift, inhibits GABA reuptake Increases GABA but blocking GABA transaminase

Question 30

What are the embyro pouches made from?

Answer 30

endoderm

Question 31

What are the two things that can cause male breast cancer?

Answer 31

Klinefelter and BRCA2

Question 32

What disease is the lack of neuronal migration resulting in a smooth brain, no sulci and gyri?

Answer 32

Lissencephaly

Question 33

What is area of Dopamine Synthesis?

Answer 33

Ventral Tegmentum, SNc

Question 34

What area is GABA made in?

Answer 34

Nucleus Accumbens

Question 35

What area of the brain is Norepinephrine made in? What part of the brain stem is bad?

Answer 35

Locus Ceruleus Pons

Question 36

What are of the brain is Serotonin made? What area of the brain stem is this?

Answer 36

Raphe Nucleus Medulla

Question 37

Mesoderm defects are a VACTERL pattern, fill in the rest V: Vertebrae A: Anal Atresia C: Cardiac Defects T: ? R: ? L: ?

Answer 37

T: Tracheal-Esophageal Fistula R: Renal Defects L: Limb Defects

Question 38

If there is no RBC in urine what is not there?

Answer 38

Kidney stone

Question 39

What two drugs increase urinary calcium?

Answer 39

Thiazide and Citrate

Question 40

What diseases increase urinary oxalate?

Answer 40

Fat Malabsorption: Crohn's Disease, Chronic Pancreatitis Excess Vitamin C and Ethylene Glycol Beans and Nuts

Question 41

When there is excess fat in the body, what does calcium bind too?

Answer 41

Fat and not oxalate, this can cause a problem

Question 42

What kind of screening tool is necessary for kidney stones?

Answer 42

CT Scan with non contrast

Question 43

What kidney stone will have a positive nitroprusside test?

Answer 43

Cystine Stone