Renal Patho Flashcards
The kidney filters how many liters a day? How much urine does it produce?
Filters about 180 liters/day while making 1.5 liters of urine a day
Normal kidney function requires well regulated ____
Blood flow
Acute renal failure (AKI) is rapid in onset and has elevated what? What are the three types?
Azotemia= Elevated BUN and Creatinine +/- Anuria
3 types - prerenal, renal, post renal
Prerenal AKI originates proximal to the kidney, what are the causes?
Low volume stimulus - hypovolemia, heart failure, sepsis and renal vascular pathology - stenosis, atherosclerosis
In Prerenal injury the kidney functions ______ but responds to a low volume stimulus by _____________
Kidney functions normally but responds to a low volume stimulus by reabsorption of Na (FENa<1%)
In prerenal failure, how is creatinine and BUN affected?
Creatinine is secreted by tubules but BUN filtered and reabsorbed. Result is BUN increase out of proportion to the Creat BUN ratio.
BUN:CR >20:1
Renal AKI has a problem that originates?
In the kidney
Causes of Renal AKI? What does this result in?
Acute tubular necrosis, glomerular disease, acute interstitial nephritis.
Implies dysfunction of the kidney itself
Results in FENa > 1%. BUN:Cr <20:1
Postrenal AKI major cause? What can this cause, and how do you evaluate it?
Obstruction is the major abuse - kidney stones majority
Obstruction can cause hydronephrosis - renal ultrasound is the test of choice in evaluation.
What are the clinical symptoms of AKI?
Electrolyte disturbances, decreased urine output, lethargy, fatigue, and nausea
Laboratory summary -
Unfin
What is the most common cause of chronic renal failure? What are the symptoms?
Most common causes are diabetes Mellitus, hypertension, glomerular nephritis
Symptoms of acute renal failure but with longer duration - fatigue, n/v, edema.
4 stages of CRF
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What are the complications of chronic renal failure?
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A segmental glomeruluar disorder is?
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