Renal Physiology 2/4 (Fluid-Electrolyte Balance)

Question 1

Define Osmolarity.
Define Tonicity.

Describe the relationship between Osmolarity and Tonicity (in two separate sentences).

Question 2

IV solutions:
Describe the tonicity of:
0.9% NaCl (Saline)
5% Dextrose in 0.9% NaCl
5% Dextrose in 0.45% NaCl
0.45% NaCl (Saline)
5% Dextrose in water

Question 3

Can kidneys replace lost water?

Answer 3

No, they can only conserve it.

Question 4

What systems does renal system work with to keep fluid balance (and thus blood p.a.)?

Answer 4

Renal syst + CNS + CVS

Question 5

Name 3 mechanisms of fluid regulation in body. (AAA)

Explain how each works (use a flow chart!)

Answer 5

ADH
Aldosterone
ANP-BNP

Question 6

What happens for clinical scenario: homeostatic compensation for severe dehydration? (Draw a big mindmap for all the homeostatic mechs that work)

Answer 6

Hint:
Renal
CVS
CNS

Question 7

Where does the Countercurrent exchange system happen?

What is the significance of ^?

Explain the:
(i) Key principles/ ideas
(ii) Process
of Countercurrent Mechanism.