renal system

Question 1

functions of the kidneys

Answer 1

filter fluid from the bloodstream
produce urine
regulate blood volume
maintain proper balance between water and salts

Question 2

kidney protective

Answer 2

tough connective tissue called renal fascia anchors the kidneys and adrenal glands to the surrounding structures
perirenal fat capsule helps anchor kidneys in place
renal capule gives the kideny glistening appearance

Question 3

nephron structure

Answer 3

each consits of a renal copuscle and renal tubule
consists of glomerular anf bowmans capsule

Question 4

podocytes

Answer 4

inner layer of the capsule is made up of highly modifed cells called podocytes
long branching extensions
holey membrane ideal for diffusion

Question 5

renal tubule

Answer 5

coils and twists before forming a hairpin loop and then again becoming coilded and twisted before entering a collecting duct

Question 6

collecting ducts

Answer 6

each recevies urine from many nephrons
run downward through the medullary pyramids
deliver urine product into calyces and the renal pelvis

Question 7

blood supply to the nephron

Answer 7

• each nephron is associated with two capillary beds
• glomerulus is fed by the afferent artiole
• efferent arteriole recieves blood that has passed through the glomerulus (arteriloes)
  high blood pressure than capilariles forcing fluid out of the small holes
• peritubular cappillaries are adapted for absorption
• clinges closely to the renal tuble
• absorbs solutes and water from the tubule cells

Question 8

glomerular filtration

Answer 8

non selective passive process
fliud passes from the blood into the glomerular capsule called filtrate now
protiens and blood cells are too big to pass through the filtration membrane
most of the fliud is reabsorbed and reenters the plasma

Question 9

tubular reabsortion and secretion

Answer 9

• waste and excess ions nedd to be removed
• h20, glucose amino acids reclaimed
• reabsorbed into pertitubular capillary blood
• water is absorbed by omosis
• other things rely on ATP
  secretion
  reverse
  removal of H+ and k+
  conrol PH

Question 10

nitrogenous wates

Answer 10

poorly reabsorbed
high concentrations in urine
wrea, uric acid and creatine

Question 11

ureters

Answer 11

two slender tubes
enters bladder at angle
urine from kidney to bladder

Question 12

urinary bladder

Answer 12

-stores urine temporarily
-bladder made of three layers of smooth muscle
- mucosa is transitional epithelium cells that can slide pass one another and change shape

Question 13

urethra

Answer 13

thin-walled tube
carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body
formed by skeletal muscle as the urethra passed through the pelvis floor

Question 14

role of kidneys

Answer 14

large amounts of water lost in other ways, kidneys produce less urine to compensate for conserving body water
when water intake is excessive kidneys secrete generous amounts of water in urine to reduce fluid volume
ADH prevents excessive water loss in urine The main target of ADH is kidneys collecting ducts

Question 15

maintaining acid-base balance

Answer 15

lungs can dispose of carbonic acid by eliminating co2
only kidneys can rid the body of acids generated during metabolism and regulate alkaline substances
blood ph rises bicarbonate ions are excreted and hydrogen ions are retained by the tubule cells
blood ph falls bicarbonate ions are reabsorbed and generated and hydrogen ions are exerted