Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Physiology 1020 > Renal System > Flashcards

Renal System Flashcards

(78 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

ureter

A

tube that brings urine to bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

kidney stones

A

form by precipitation and crystallization of increase concentration of minerals and ions
too large, get stuck in renal pelvis, ureter or urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

nephron

A

functional unit of kidneys
main parts> renal corpuscle and tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

renal corpuscles

A

filters blood and turns into filtrate
3 part
bowman’s capsule, glomerulus, juxtaglomerular apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

glomerulus

A

specialized leaky capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

bowman’s capsule/renal capsule

A

outside of renal corpuscle
-where fluid filters into
-surrounds glomerulus
-cellular part made of podocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

A

composed of late ascending limb of loop, afferent and efferent arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

macula densa cells

A

specialized cells in late ascending limb of loop of henle
detects concentration of Na and Cl in filtrate
detect how fast filtrate is flowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

types of nephrons

A

cortical 80% and juxtamedullary 20%y

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

difference between cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons

A

jux- nephron next to medulla, cort- upper cortex
jux-long loop of henle, cort-short
juz-vasa recti-help with [] urine
cort- peritubular capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

blood flow to kidneys in cortical nephrons

A

afferent arterioles > glomerulus >efferent arterioles > peritubular capillaries > venule > renal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

processes of nephron

A

filtration + reabsorption + secretion and excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

formula for excretion

A

filtration - reabsorption +secretion = excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

barriers to filtration

A

size of fenestration and size of spaces between endothelial cells
-space between fibers of basal lamina
-spaces between podocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

fenestrations

A

pores in endothelial cells
-limits what can be filtered into bowman’s space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

basal lamina

A

sticky tissue that connects endothelial cells to podocytes
act as a sieve to filtering items entering bowmans capusle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

podocyte

A

inside bowman’s capsule
has slit spaces between them from filtering blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

net filtration pressure

A

-sum of Hydrostatic pressure of glomerular capillaries
colloid osmotic pressure of glomerular capillaries
hydrostatic pressure of bowman’s capsule
colloid osmotic pressure of bowman’s capsule
-influenced by amount of BF
=10 mm HG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

glomerular filtration rate

A

-quantity of fluid and solutes filtered into bowman’s space from glomerular caps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hydrostatic pressure of glomerular capillaries

A

blood flows through glomerulus capillary and fluid is forced into capsule space
-favours filtration
-largest force that promotes filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

colloid osmotic pressure of glomerular capillaries

A

-proteins generate force and drawing water to where proteins flow
-force inhibits filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

hydrostatic pressure of bowman’s capsule

A

-fluid filters and moves out of tubule slowly, which limits more fluid from filtering it fills capsule space
-inhibits fluid filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

colloid osmotic pressure of bowman’s capsule

A

-if proteins could filter in capsular space, proteins pull fluid in
-favours filtration
-usually doesn’t exist =0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

NFP equation

A

[HSP glo + COP B] - [HSP B + COP glo]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
myogenic response
-autoregulation of GFR -if high GFR, afferent arteriole contract to reduce bf and decrease GFR
26
tubuloglomerular feedback
autoregulation of GFR -when macula dense cells detect high salt therefore high GFR -then release paracrine factor to contract afferent arteriole to decrease GFR if low fluid flow rate or low [ ] in filtrate, macula densa cells release nitric oxide -this causes smooth muscle to relax in afferent arteriole therefore increase GFR
27
afferent arteriole constricts
-when they vasoconstrict, decrease blood enter glomerulus -hydrostatic pressure would decrease -decrease GFR
28
efferent arteriole constricted
-when they vasoconstricted, decrease blood leaves glomerulus -hydrostatic pressure would increase -increase GFR
29
vasoconstriction of afferent and efferent arterioles
caused by angiotensin II -result is decrease GFR
30
estimating the GFR
excretion= filtration - reabsorption + secretion
31
creatinine
measures GFR not perfect measurement because some creatinine is secreted in tubule -overestimates GFR creatinine in urine x urine/day divide by creatinine plasma
32
other methods to measure GFR
inulin, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine
33
inulin
- [ ] of inulin in blood and filtered kidneys -100% is excreted -quite invasive
34
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
-partially reabsorbed -measures nitrogen in urea -high protein diet and strenuous exercise can increase urea levels in blood
35
serum creatinine
-quick way to estimate GFR -normal values is different for different people
36
converting L/day to ml/min
1000ml 1440 min
37
GFR lower than expected
-with age, natural decline in renal function -too much lower, kidneys are no longer functioning as they should
38
kidney failure GFR
15ml/min
39
normal GFR
180L/day or 125 ml/min
40
chronic kidney disease (CKD)
-progressive disease can result in complete kidney failure -damage can't be reversed but slowed + stay -nephrons damaged can't heal 5 stages
41
stage 1-2 of CKD
mild decrease in GFR, may not experience symptoms
42
stage 3 of CKD
GFR decrease further, symptoms swelling in hands and feet b/c less blood being filtered
43
stage 4 of CKD
last stage before kidney failure, move severe symptoms
44
stage 5 of CKD
kidney failure > no longer functioning to support body -dialysis or transplant
45
filtered load
how much of each substance is filtered = [substance] plasma x GFR
46
percentage excreted
= [total excreted/ filtered load ] x100
47
normal excretion rate of Na
0.5-2.5%
48
normal excretion rate of K
6-9%
49
normal excretion rate of Mg
3-5%
50
proximal tubule reabsorption
glucose, AA, h2o, Na, K, cl
51
descending limb reabsorption
h2o, + minimal Na
52
ascending limb reabsorption
Na, K, Cl
53
distal convoluted tubule reabsorption
Na, K, CL, Ca
54
collecting duct reabsorption
na and h2o
55
channels
small protein-lined pores that permit specific molecules them
56
uniporters
allow movement of single molecule through membrane -protein carriers that bind to molecules -facilitated transport glucose uniporter
57
symporters
facilitated transport + secondary active transport -permits 2 or more molecules same direction -1 molecule must move down [] gradient -Na/glucose symporter
58
antiporters
-permits 2 or more molecules in different direction -called exchangers -1 molecules must move down [] gradient -facilitated transport Na/H antiporter
59
primary active transporters
uses ATP against [] gradient -every tubule cell has Na/k atpase
60
regulation of channels and transporters
-level cellular location -activity (binds to protein carrier) -gene expression (increase number of proteins so more molecules can move in)
61
Na/AA symporter location, regulated | in proximal tubule
-luminal -not to hormones -binds to protein symporter >conformation change -Na goes down [] gradient, bring AA with it
62
Na/glucose symporter location, regulated | in proximal tubule
luminal -not by hormones -Na goes down [] gradient -Na makes protein carrier change (conformation) -glucose doesn't favour going in proximal tubule, Na bring it with protein carrier | in proximal tubule
63
Na/H exchanger location, regulated | in proximal tubule
-luminal -responsive to angiotensin 2 -Na goes down [] gradient -antiporter of H(H in opposite direction) -Na reabsorbed, H secreted
64
Na/K ATPase location, regulated | in proximal tubule
basolateral -responsive to angiotensin 2 -uses ATP to change conformation -against [] gradient -3 Na out, 2K in -primary active transport maintains low []
65
aquaporin channel 1 location, responsive | in proximal tubule
luminal -not by hormones -h20 move to higher solute -diffusion osmosis> not facilitated
65
paracellular responsive | in proximal tubule
-h2o, K, Cl -not by hormones -movement between tubule cells high to low []
65
aquaporin channel 2/3 location, responsive | in proximal tubule
basolateral -not by hormones inside tubule cell to interstition space then reabsorbed in blood -diffusion osmosis> not facilitated
66
AA uniporter location, responsive | in proximal tubule
-basolateral -not by hormones -AA that were just reabsorbed into cytosol move across basolateral membrane into interstitial space by themselves high to low []
66
glucose uniporter location, responsive | in proximal tubule
basolateral -not by hormones -high to low [] -cytosol to interstitial space -move by itself (protein carrier)
67
glucosuria
-Na/glucose symporters in proximal tubule have limited capacity, so not all glucose is reabsorbed, therefore in urine -causes less h2o in proximal tubule b/c it follows glucose decrease h20 reabsorption, increased urine V
68
osmotic diuresis
increase urine V due to increase levels of solute excretion
69
intercalated cell
responsive to changes in plasma pH
70
aquaporin channel 2 location, regulated | in collecting duct
luminal responsive to ADH
71
aquaporin channel 3/4 location | in collecting duct
basolateral
72
Na channel location, regulation | in collecting duct
luminal -responsive to aldosterone -Na move high to low []
73
K channel location, regulation | in collecting duct
luminal -responsive to aldosterone moving in collecting duct's lumen
74
Na/K ATPase location, regulated | in collecting duct
-basolateral responsive to aldosterone Na 3 out, 2 K in -uses ATP
75
Factors that affect GFR
increase BP and blood flow, which increases GFR -filtration coefficient

Physiology 1020 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions