renal system overview Flashcards
what is the main function of the renal system
fluid and electrolyte balance
acid-base balance
what are the hormonal functions
BP regulation (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system)
erythropoietin production
vitamin D activation
nephron function
units of kidney that filters waste and water from blood into urine
urine concentration
conserved during period of low fluid
renin is secreted to regulate blood flow/pressure, GFR
vasopressin increases water reabsorption
what does glomerular filtration do
filter water, electrolytes, creatinine, BUN, glucose
large particles (blood cells, albumin, proteins) should not be present in urine
what is the glucose threshold before it goes into urine
180mg/dL
what much urine should be filtered in a day
125mL/min
1-3L/day
what is GFR controlled by
BP and blood flow
erythropoietin
released where there is low oxygen to stimulate RBC production
vit D
promotes calcium absorption
what are causes of renal dse
HTN, DM
exposure to contrast medium for imaging studies
medications for conditions
normal urine output
1500-2000 mL/day
s/s of kidney dse
edema
cognitive changes
creatinine
most important lab
increased levels = kidney dse
BUN
measures effectiveness to remove waste products
blood osmolarity
hydration status (280-300)
creatinine clearance
estimates GFR
electrolytes and fluid levels
dependent on GFR
urine SG
concentration of particles in urine
high SG: more concentrated (dehydration, excess vasopressin)
low SG: dilute urine (high fluid intake, diuretics, vasopressin deficiency)
protein in urine
indicates renal problem since these particles are too large and should not be able to pass
microalbuminuria
smalls amounts of albumin in urine (<2mg/dL)
glucose and ketones
high blood sugar levels, indicates body is using fat for energy
leukoesterase and nitrates
WBC indicate infection (UTI)
urine sediments
should not be present in normal urine
