Renal Transport

Question 1

Why is Na/K ATPase so important?

Answer 1

Creates a gradient by taking Na out of the cell so more in allowed to go inside

Question 2

Mechanism of NHE3

Answer 2

Na+ IN to cell
H+ OUT

(Responsible for 80% of sodium reabsorption)

Question 3

Where is AQE 1 found?

Answer 3

Proximal Tubule

Question 4

Where is AQE 2 found?

Answer 4

Collecting Duct

Question 5

What transporters are in the Proximal Convoluted Tubule? (5)

Answer 5

Na/K
NHE3
SGLT 2 and SGLT1
AQE 1
KCC Symporter

Question 6

What is reabsorbed in the Proximal Convoluted Tubule?

Answer 6

100% Glucose
100% Acids
50% Urea
70% Sodium, Potassium Calcium, Water
30% Magnesium

Question 7

What is reabsorbed in the Proximal Straight Tubule?

Answer 7

15% phosphate

Question 8

What is reabsorbed in the descending limb of LoH?

Answer 8

WATER!

Question 9

What is reabsorbed in the Thick ascending limb of LoH?

Answer 9

25% Sodium, Calcium
20% Potassium
60% Magnesium

Question 10

Where is the tubular fluid most concentrated?

Answer 10

Bottom of loop of henle

Question 11

What transporters are in the Thick ascending LoH?

Answer 11

Na-K-Cl2

Na/K ATPase

Question 12

Mechanism of Na-K-Cl2?

Answer 12

1 Na, 1 K, 2 Cl- all move into the cell, creates a positive voltage charge so it also drives the movement of positive ions into the cell

Question 13

How does Carbonic anhydrase work?

Answer 13

Prevents tubule from becoming too acidic by recycling H+ into bicarb and shuttling it into the cell.

Question 14

Where is the tubular fluid isoosmotic?

Answer 14

PCT

Question 15

Where is the tubular fluid hyperosmotic?

Answer 15

Descending LoH

Question 16

Where is the tubular fluid hypoosmotic?

Answer 16

Ascending LoH

Question 17

Where do Loop diuretics act?

Answer 17

Thick ascending LoH

Question 18

What do Loop Diuretics do?

Answer 18

Inhibit Na reabsorption by competing for NaCl site on NaKCl2 receptor

Question 19

Where do Thiazide diuretics act?

Answer 19

Distal Convoluted Tubule

Question 20

How do Thiazide diruects work?

Answer 20

Block Na-Cl Symporter: inhibit Na/Cl reabsorption and allow more reabsorption of Ca

Question 21

What transporters are in the Distal Convoluted tubule?

Answer 21

NCC

Na- Ca exchange

Question 22

What is reabsorbed in DCT?

Answer 22

5% Sodium, Magnesium
8% Calcium
H2o and urea

Question 23

Where does Spironolactone act?

Answer 23

Collecting Duct

Question 24

What is reabsorbed in the collecting duct?

Answer 24

3% sodium

water and urea

Question 25

What is reabsorbed in the bladder?

Answer 25

Potassium (1-100%) Magnesium- 5% Phosphate- 15%

Question 26

Characteristics of SGLT1

Answer 26

High affinity, Low capacity | 10% of distal PCT Glucose reabsorption

Question 27

SGLT2

Answer 27

First 2/3 of PCT Low affinity, high capacity **Problematic in Diabetes)

Question 28

How does Spironolactone work?

Answer 28

Inhibit Na/K ATPase | - Promote K+ retention and loss of Na+ and water

Question 29

Where does AGT II work? (4)

Answer 29

PCT TAL DCT CD

Question 30

Where does Aldosterone work? (3)

Answer 30

TAL DCT CD

Question 31

Where do ANP, BNP, and Urodilatin work? (3)

Answer 31

CD

Question 32

Where do Uroguanylin and guanylin work?

Answer 32

PT | CD

Question 33

Where do sympathetic nerves work?

Answer 33

PT TAL DCT CD

Question 34

Where does Dopamine work?

Answer 34

PCT

Question 35

Where does AVP work?

Answer 35

DT | CD

Question 36

What hormones increase water and sodium reabsorption? (3)

Answer 36

AGT2, Aldosterone, Sympathetic Nerves Will INCREASE blood volume

Question 37

What hormones DECREASE NaCl and water reabsorption? (6)

Answer 37

ANP, BNP, Urodilation, UroG and Guan, Dopamine

Question 38

What hormone increases water reabsorption?

Answer 38

AVP

Question 39

What stimulates more Aldosterone?

Answer 39

Increase in K+ plasma concentration Aldosterone will increase K+ secretion to retain more Na+ and water