Renal, Urinary, and Male Reproductive

Question 1

What’s the definition of AKI?

Answer 1

Increase in serum creatinine by 0.3mg/dL in a 48-hr period OR increase in serum creatinine to equal or greater than 1.5x baseline within 7 days

Question 2

What is CKD often caused by?

Answer 2

Poorly controlled DM

Question 3

What’s the definition of CKD?

Answer 3

GFR<60 or damage evidenced by albuminuria, urine sediment abnormalities, electrolyte or histology

Question 4

What’s an early sign of CKD?

Answer 4

Microalbuminuria

Question 5

What’s the definition of microalbuminuria?

Answer 5

30-300mg albumin excreted in a 24-hour period

Question 6

What meds can improve GFR?

Answer 6

ACEi’s

Question 7

Which 2 types of stones are radiolucent?

Answer 7

1. Uric acid

2. Cystine

Question 8

What’s the cutoff in mm for kidney stones passing without surgical intervention?

Answer 8

5mm

Question 9

How many days should uncomplicated cystitis be treated?

Answer 9

3 days of abx

Question 10

What are the 3 preferred abx for UTI?

Answer 10

1. TMP-SMX
2. Nitrofurantoin
3. Fosfomycin

Question 11

Which 3 UTI organisms form nitrate?

Answer 11

1. E. coli
2. Klebsiella
3. Proteus

Question 12

Which 3 UTI organisms do not form nitrate?

Answer 12

1. S. saprophyticus
2. Enterococcus
3. Pseudomonas

Question 13

Can nitrofurantoin be used in pyelonephritis?

Answer 13

No, it doesn’t penetrate kidney tissue

Question 14

In patients >35 with hematuria, what procedure needs to be done?

Answer 14

Cytoscopy

Question 15

What travel-associated bug can cause hematuria?

Answer 15

Schistosomiasis

Question 16

What’s the level of protein loss that defines “nephrotic?”

Answer 16

> 4500mg/24h

Question 17

How do you diagnose proteinuria?

Answer 17

24-hour urine collection

Question 18

Which type of incontinence occurs during coughing etc?

Answer 18

Stress incontinence

Question 19

Which type of incontinence happens with involuntary detrusor contraction and in men is associated with BPH?

Answer 19

Urge incontinence

Question 20

What’s the tx for stress incontinence?

Answer 20

Kegels, urethral sling surgery, physical stuff

Question 21

What’s the tx for urge incontinence?

Answer 21

Anticholinergics, but careful in BPH and elderly

Question 22

Do the same organisms that cause UTI also cause prostatitis?

Answer 22

Yes

Question 23

What organisms usually cause chronic prostatitis?

Answer 23

Same as acute, but also chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trich

Question 24

Which organism is responsible for 85% of acute prostatitis?

Answer 24

E. coli

Question 25

What abx are best for acute prostatitis?

Answer 25

Cipro, Levo, or TMP-SMX

Question 26

Which androgen is mostly responsible for BPH?

Answer 26

DHT

Question 27

What are the 2 options for BPH tx?

Answer 27

1. Alpha blocker

2. 5-a reductase inhibitor

Question 28

What type of drugs are doxazosin and tamsulosin?

Answer 28

Alpha blockers

Question 29

What type of drugs are finasteride and dutasteride?

Answer 29

5-a reductase inhibitors

Question 30

Which BPH treatment acts faster by relaxing smooth muscle?

Answer 30

Alpha blockers

Question 31

Which BPH treatment acts slower by reducing prostate volume with time?

Answer 31

5-a reductase inhibitors

Question 32

Morning testosterone levels over _____ do not cause ED?

Answer 32

230

Question 33

What class of drugs are sildenafil, tadalafil, etc?

Answer 33

PDE5 inhibitors

Question 34

How often does enuresis have to occur to be clinically diagnosed?

Answer 34

2x/week over age 5

Question 35

What med can treat enuresis?

Answer 35

Desmopressin

Question 36

Can you use tamsulosin for a kidney stone causing hydronephrosis at the ureterovesicular junction?

Answer 36

Yep

Question 37

Can ceftriaxone IM treat pyelonephritis?

Answer 37

Yes