Renal & Urinary Disorders

Question 1

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a determination of how well the ______ are working

Answer 1

Kidneys

Question 2

What’s the name of a LOWER UTI?

Answer 2

Cystitis; more common

Question 3

What’s the name of UPPER UTI? Originates from what?

Answer 3

Pyelonephritis; ascending infection

Question 4

Pyelonephritis is an infection of the _______ of the kidney

Answer 4

Parenchyma

Question 5

AKA kidney stones

Answer 5

Renal calculi

Question 6

What are the 4 types of kidney stones?

Answer 6

Calcium, Struvites (Mag), Uric acid, Cystine

Question 7

This type of kidney stone makes up 75%

Answer 7

calcium (oxalate & phosphate)

Question 8

This type of kidney stone happen more often in females bc urethra is shorter

Answer 8

Struvites

Question 9

This type of kidney stone is genetic

Answer 9

Cystine

Question 10

Which type of UTI (upper or lower) can occur via the bloodstream?

Answer 10

Upper; pyelonephritis

Question 11

This accounts for most cases of end-stage renal disease

Answer 11

Glomerulonephritis

Question 12

What is the most common origin cause of glomerulonephritis?

Answer 12

Immune

Question 13

What are 3 additional causes of glomerulonephritis?

Answer 13

Diabetes, hypertension, drugs/chemicals

Question 14

What are the 3 types of acute kidney injury (AKI?)

Answer 14

Prerenal, Intrarenal, Postrenal

Question 15

Prerenal AKI is an issue with _____ of kidneys. What’s an example?

Answer 15

Perfusion; cardiac issues or hypovolemia

Question 16

Intrarenal AKI is anything that damages the _______. What’s an example?

Answer 16

Nephrons; rhabdomyolysis

Question 17

Postrenal AKI is an issue of ______. What’s an example?

Answer 17

Blockage; prostate issues/urethral obstruction

Question 18

Chronic kidney disease is a loss of ______. They must now filter MORE!

Answer 18

Nephrons

Question 19

What are 8 common problems associated with chronic kidney disease?

Answer 19

Alterations in fluid & electrolyte balance
Azotemia
Uremia
Bone loss 
Anemia from hemolysis
Angina and other ischemia
Sexual impotence
Dry skin, terry nails

Question 20

Azotemia is increased _____

Answer 20

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

Question 21

Uremia is when ______ ______ products collect in blood

Answer 21

Nitrogenous waste products

Question 22

What is normal urine pH?

Answer 22

5.6.5 (4.5-8)

Question 23

Presence of _____ signifies UTI

Answer 23

WBCs

Question 24

THIS is normal to find in urine, whereas THESE is not

Answer 24

Epithelial cells; RBCs & proteins

Question 25

Casts originate from the _____ ______

Answer 25

Renal tubules

Question 26

Nephritic syndrome and nephrotic syndrome are clinical manifestations of ________

Answer 26

Glomerulonephritis

Question 27

Nephritic syndrome is a process that ______ glomerular ____ ______

Answer 27

Occludes glomerular capillary lumen (damages capillary wall)

Question 28

______ may result from nephritic syndrome; walls are LEAKY

Answer 28

Hematuria

Question 29

Nephritic syndrome results in _____ GFR, edema, HTN, proteinuria

Answer 29

Decreased

Question 30

Nephritic syndrome is associated with what disease?

Answer 30

Lupus

Question 31

Nephrotic syndrome results in MASSIVE _________ and significant protein ____

Answer 31

Proteinuria, protein loss

Question 32

This syndrome = leaky; hematuria

Answer 32

Nephritic syndrome

Question 33

This syndrome = massive protein loss

Answer 33

Nephrotic syndrome

Question 34

In bladder cancer, pt will have increase in these 4 things

Answer 34

Frequency, urgency, hematuria, dysuria

Question 35

What's directly associated with bladder cancer?

Answer 35

SMOKING!

Question 36

What is the most common sign of bladder cancer?

Answer 36

Hematuria

Question 37

Kidneys regulate blood pH by either _______ HCO3, or secreting _____

Answer 37

Reabsorbing HCO3, secreting H+

Question 38

If BUN levels are high, it means kidneys are not removing _____ properly

Answer 38

Urea

Question 39

What affects BUN and creatinine levels?

Answer 39

Dehydration