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Patho Exam 2 > Renal & Urinary Disorders > Flashcards

Renal & Urinary Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a determination of how well the ______ are working

A

Kidneys

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2
Q

What’s the name of a LOWER UTI?

A

Cystitis; more common

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3
Q

What’s the name of UPPER UTI? Originates from what?

A

Pyelonephritis; ascending infection

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4
Q

Pyelonephritis is an infection of the _______ of the kidney

A

Parenchyma

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5
Q

AKA kidney stones

A

Renal calculi

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6
Q

What are the 4 types of kidney stones?

A

Calcium, Struvites (Mag), Uric acid, Cystine

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7
Q

This type of kidney stone makes up 75%

A

calcium (oxalate & phosphate)

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8
Q

This type of kidney stone happen more often in females bc urethra is shorter

A

Struvites

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9
Q

This type of kidney stone is genetic

A

Cystine

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10
Q

Which type of UTI (upper or lower) can occur via the bloodstream?

A

Upper; pyelonephritis

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11
Q

This accounts for most cases of end-stage renal disease

A

Glomerulonephritis

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12
Q

What is the most common origin cause of glomerulonephritis?

A

Immune

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13
Q

What are 3 additional causes of glomerulonephritis?

A

Diabetes, hypertension, drugs/chemicals

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14
Q

What are the 3 types of acute kidney injury (AKI?)

A

Prerenal, Intrarenal, Postrenal

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15
Q

Prerenal AKI is an issue with _____ of kidneys. What’s an example?

A

Perfusion; cardiac issues or hypovolemia

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16
Q

Intrarenal AKI is anything that damages the _______. What’s an example?

A

Nephrons; rhabdomyolysis

17
Q

Postrenal AKI is an issue of ______. What’s an example?

A

Blockage; prostate issues/urethral obstruction

18
Q

Chronic kidney disease is a loss of ______. They must now filter MORE!

A

Nephrons

19
Q

What are 8 common problems associated with chronic kidney disease?

A 
Alterations in fluid & electrolyte balance
Azotemia
Uremia
Bone loss 
Anemia from hemolysis
Angina and other ischemia
Sexual impotence
Dry skin, terry nails
20
Q

Azotemia is increased _____

A

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

21
Q

Uremia is when ______ ______ products collect in blood

A

Nitrogenous waste products

22
Q

What is normal urine pH?

A

5.6.5 (4.5-8)

23
Q

Presence of _____ signifies UTI

A

WBCs

24
Q

THIS is normal to find in urine, whereas THESE is not

A

Epithelial cells; RBCs & proteins

25
Q

Casts originate from the _____ ______

A

Renal tubules

26
Q

Nephritic syndrome and nephrotic syndrome are clinical manifestations of ________

A

Glomerulonephritis

27
Q

Nephritic syndrome is a process that ______ glomerular ____ ______

A

Occludes glomerular capillary lumen (damages capillary wall)

28
Q

______ may result from nephritic syndrome; walls are LEAKY

A

Hematuria

29
Q

Nephritic syndrome results in _____ GFR, edema, HTN, proteinuria

A

Decreased

30
Q

Nephritic syndrome is associated with what disease?

A

Lupus

31
Q

Nephrotic syndrome results in MASSIVE _________ and significant protein ____

A

Proteinuria, protein loss

32
Q

This syndrome = leaky; hematuria

A

Nephritic syndrome

33
Q

This syndrome = massive protein loss

A

Nephrotic syndrome

34
Q

In bladder cancer, pt will have increase in these 4 things

A

Frequency, urgency, hematuria, dysuria

35
Q

What’s directly associated with bladder cancer?

A

SMOKING!

36
Q

What is the most common sign of bladder cancer?

A

Hematuria

37
Q

Kidneys regulate blood pH by either _______ HCO3, or secreting _____

A

Reabsorbing HCO3, secreting H+

38
Q

If BUN levels are high, it means kidneys are not removing _____ properly

A

Urea

39
Q

What affects BUN and creatinine levels?

A

Dehydration

Patho Exam 2 (4 decks)

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