REPEESENTATION Theories Flashcards
(7 cards)
THEORIES OF REP- STUART HALL
- SHARED CONCEPTUAL MAPS meanings and reps that we know and accept
- media texts construct reps which aren’t accurate reps of reality to REINFORCE their IDEOLOGIES
- STEREOTYPES- OVERSIMPLIFIED reps- often about MINORITY GROUPS (mis+ under repped; INEQUALITIES OF POWER)- help reinforce HEGEMONIC SOCIETY/ HIERARCHY
What is CULTURAL HEGEMONY (related to Hall’s inequalities of power- stereotypes which reinforces hegemonic societal hierarchies)
Domination of society by RULING CLASSES who manipulate PERCEPTIONS+ dom. ideologies so that their WORLDVIEW is widely accepted as the NORM
ROLE MODELS
- David gauntlett
- media provides resources to construct our identities
- contemporary media presents us with a more DIVERSE range of stars/ characters (more PLURALISTIC)- so PERCEPTIONS+ ideologies can CHANGE OVERTIME to CHALLENGE HEGEMONIC views
- may aspire/ admire them or IDENTIFY with them (personal identification- U&G)
- straight forward success * triumph over adversity * challenging stereotypes * wholesome * outsider * family
FEMINIST THEORY- VAN ZOONEN
gender is constructed through media texts+ meaning varies due to CULTURAl and HISTORICAL CONTEXT
OBJECTIFICATION of women’s bodies is a core element of WESTERN PATRIARCHAL SOCIETY
MAINSTREAM CULTURE- codes used to construct MALE BODY as a SPECTACLE (differ from codes used to objectify female body)
PATRIARCHAL IDEALS becoming DOM. IDEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE shaping today’s GENDER EXPECTATIONS
Women represented as DOMESTIC, OVER-EMOTIONAL, WEAK
BELL HOOK’S FEMINIST THEORY
- believes we still live in a patriarchy
- feminism is a struggle against patriarchal oppression
- feminism is a POLITICAL STATEMENT, NOT A LIFESTYLE CHOICE
- INTERSECTIONALITY- RACE+ CLASS as well as sex, determine extent that individuals are exploited+ oppressed
- WHITE SUPREMICIST CAPITALIST PATRIARCHY- dominant ideological structures in society which have exploited/ undermined feminist movement
- believes PRIVELEGED WHITE WOMEN are ‘LIFESTYLE FEMINISTS’ rather than making a political commitment (e.g. her negative views on formation- beyoncé)
Further feminism context
- PATRIARCHAL SOCIETY has resulted in INTERNALISED MALEGAZE (Mulvey)
- PERSPECTIVES- * THIRD WAVE: Liberation, embracing feminism in own way- REINFORCED by HOOK’S WHITE SUPREMICIST CAPITALIST PATRIARCHY as emphasised DIVERSITY/INTERSECTIONALITY (of body types, races etc) *SECOND/ FOURTH WAVE: objectification, internalised male gaze- CRITICISED by HOOKS for not including other factors e.g. race, class, more fluid gender reps.
POST- COLONIAL THEORY
Colonial discourses continue to inform CONTEMPORARY ATTITUDES to RACE+ EHTNICITY in POST-COLONIAL ERA
civilisation constructs RACIAL HIERARCHIES+ sets up BINARY OPPOSITIONS based on notions of OTHERNESS- links to ETHNIC STEROTYPES: * criminal * victim * exotic (crested due to INEQUALITIES OF POWER IN SOCIETY- HALL)
some civilisations perceived as superior (EXCEPTIONALISM) e.g. USA better than middle east
