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MCBM EXAM 4 > Replication > Flashcards

Replication Flashcards

1
Q

A segment of nucleic acid (RNA or DNA) base paired to the template and with a free 3’-OH is called a

A

Primer

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2
Q

DNA polymerase and all synthesizing enzymes require a

A

Primer

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3
Q

Which end do DNA polymerases add bases to?

A

3’ end

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4
Q

Which direction is DNA synthesized?

A

5’ to 3’ direction

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5
Q 
Which DNA polymerase has the following characteristics?
structural gene= polA
role= repair, primer, removal
subunits= 1 
Mr= 103,000
3'-->5' exonuclease= yes 
5'-->3' exonuclease= yes
polymerization rate= 16-20.
processivity= 3-200.
A

DNA polymerase I of E. Coli

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6
Q 
Which DNA polymerase has the following characteristics?
structural gene= pol B
role= specialized repair
subunits= 7
Mr= 88,000
3'-->5' exonuclease= yes
5-->3' exonuclease= no
polymerization rate= 40
processivity= 1500
A

DNA polymerase II of E. Coli

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7
Q 
Which DNA polymerase has the following characteristics?
structural gene= polC
subunits= more than 10
Mr= 791,500
3'-->5' exonuclease= yes
5'-->3' exonuclease= no
polymeraization rate= 25-1000
processivity= more than 500,000
A

DNA polymerase III of E. Coli

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8
Q

What does dnaA do in the initiation of replication?

A

Binds to oriC and forms intial complex

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9
Q

What does local denaturation do in the initiation of replication?

A

Opens complex

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10
Q

What do dnaB/dnaC do in the initiation of replication and what does this process create?

A

DnaB (a helicase) and dnaC dimers bind to open complex and unwind origin DNA to expose single strand template.
This process creates the prepriming complex.

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11
Q

What does SSB do in the initiation of replication?

A

SSB binds to single stranded DNA and stablizes it.

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12
Q

What is required in all steps that initiate replication?

A

ATP

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13
Q

What binds to dnaB/dnaC on DNA templates?

A

Primase

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14
Q

What is required to make a primosome and what does this create?

A

Primase and other proteins.

This creates a primer for DNA polymerase.

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15
Q

A DNA polymerase III dimer binds to primosome to form what?

A

A replisome.

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16
Q

What kind of synthesis begins at each fork using one DNA polymerase III molecule, the RNA primer, and the leading strand template?

A

Leading strand synthesis.

17
Q

What is initiated by forming a loop of the lagging strand template on the replisome?

A

Elongation

18
Q

What locally reverses the orientation of the lagging strand template with respect to the direction of movement of the replisome?

A

Elongation

19
Q

What in the primosome synthesizes RNA primer?

A

Primase

20
Q

What molecule binds primer and begins synthesis of the lagging strand?

A

DNA polymerase III

21
Q

What synthesizes genes in eukaryotes?

A

DNA polymerase alpha (not separate primase enzyme as in prokaryotes).

22
Q

What removes genes in eukaryotes?

A

RNAse H (not component of DNA polymerase I as in prokaryotes).

23
Q

What limits the size of Okazaki fragments?

A

nucleosomes

24
Q

What kind of proteins are synthesized during S phase and complex with newly synthesized DNA?

A

Histone proteins.

25
Q

What is a specialized reverse transcriptase?

A

telomerase

26
Q

What has an RNA component that serves as a template for the synthesis of repetitive GT-rich DNA sequence characteristic of each organism that extends to the end of the chromosome?

A

Telomerase

27
Q

What can occur in the telomere?

A

Priming can occur in the telomere, not coding DNA.

28
Q

What is the role of primer RNA in eukaryotes?

A

Synthesized by DNAPol alpha.

Removed by RNAse H.

29
Q

What is the role of primer RNA in prokaryotes?

A

Synthesized by Primase.

Removed by DNA Pol I.

30
Q

What is the size of Okazaki fragments in eukaryotes?

A

0.1-0.2 kb (limited by nucleosomes)

31
Q

What is the size of Okazaki fragments in prokaryotes?

A

1.0-2.0 kb

32
Q

What is the role of telomeres in eukaryotes?

A

Required for linear chromosomes.

33
Q

What is the role of telomeres in prokaryotes?

A

Absent in circular chromosomes.

MCBM EXAM 4 (9 decks)

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