reports

Question 1

a process that occurs after cell division where the newly formed cells are structurally modified so that they can perform their function efficiently and effectively

Answer 1

cell modification

Question 2

function of xylem

Answer 2

water pathway

Question 3

function of phloem

Answer 3

nutrients pathway

Question 4

thick walls and dead cells

Answer 4

xylem

Question 5

made up of living cells that are arranged in columns

Answer 5

phloem

Question 6

absorption of water and nutrients from the soil

Answer 6

root hair cells

Question 7

most common plant cells

Answer 7

parenchyma

Question 8

for metabolic functions, such as photosynthesis, and they help repair and heal wounds

Answer 8

parenchyma

Question 9

elongated cells with unevenly thickened walls

Answer 9

collenchyma

Question 10

provide structural support, mainly to the stem and leaves

Answer 10

collenchyma

Question 11

where are collenchyma cells usually found?

Answer 11

below the epidermis

Question 12

provides support to the plant, but many of them are dead at maturity

Answer 12

sclerenchyma

Question 13

two types of sclerenchyma cells

Answer 13

fibers and sclereids

Question 14

give pears their gritty texture

Answer 14

sclereids

Question 15

three types of xylem cells

Answer 15

• xylem parenchyma
•t racheids
• vessel elements

Question 16

with thick secondary cell walls that are lignified

Answer 16

tracheids

Question 17

4 types of phloem cells

Answer 17

• sieve-tube cells
• companion cells
• phloem parenchyma
• phloem fibers

Question 18

is one of the four and the most abundant and widely distributed primary tissues

Answer 18

connective tissues

Question 19

also known as fat tissue or fatty tissue

Answer 19

adipose

Question 20

fat cells

Answer 20

adipocytes

Question 21

most abundant adipocytes in the human body; they are filled with a large, single lipid droplet

Answer 21

white adipocytes

Question 22

contain multiple lipid droplets, and a high concentration of mitochondria

Answer 22

brown adipocytes

Question 23

have the potential to generate heat under certain conditions, such as cold exposure and during stimulation of specific nervous adrenergic receptors.

Answer 23

beige adipocytes

Question 24

this fat is found throughout the whole body, in the spaces between the skin and underlying muscles

Answer 24

subcutaneous fat

Question 25

in what form does white adipocytes store excess energy

Answer 25

fatty molecules (triglycerides)

Question 26

in what form does white adipocytes store excess energy

Answer 26

fatty molecules (triglycerides)

Question 27

serves as an important mechanism to protect newborns against hypothermia

Answer 27

non-shivering thermogenesis

Question 28

is characterized by collagenous fibers embedded in chondroitin sulfate

Answer 28

cartilage

Question 29

cartilage is characterized by collagenous fibers embedded in __________

Answer 29

chondroitin sulfate

Question 30

cells that secrete collagen and chondroitin sulfate

Answer 30

chondrocytes

Question 31

spaces within the tissue

Answer 31

lacunae

Question 32

specialized cells in cartilage

Answer 32

chondroblasts

Question 33

mature cartilage cells

Answer 33

chondrocytes

Question 34

immature cartilage cells

Answer 34

chondroblasts

Question 35

abundant of all cartilage in the body. Its matrix appears transparent or glassy when viewed under a microscope

Answer 35

hyaline cartilage

Question 36

Its function is to maintain the shape of the structure while allowing flexibility.

Answer 36

elastic cartilage

Question 37

is found where strong support and the ability to withstand heavy pressure are required

Answer 37

fibrocartilage

Question 38

how many percentage of blood cells are erythrocytes?

Answer 38

99%

Question 39

help in the clotting process by gathering at a bleeding site and clumping together to form a plug that helps seal the blood vessel

Answer 39

platelets

Question 40

red blood cells are also called

Answer 40

erythrocytes

Question 41

a protein that gives blood its red color and enables it to carry oxygen from the lungs and deliver it to all body tissues

Answer 41

hemoglobin

Question 42

liquid component of blood, in which the red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are suspended

Answer 42

plasma

Question 43

dissolved salts

Answer 43

electrolytes

Question 44

destroy bacteria and others create antibodies against bacteria and viruses or fight malignant disease

Answer 44

white blood cells / leukocytes

Question 45

are the cells that make up muscle tissue

Answer 45

myocytes

Question 46

a tough connective tissue similar to cartilage

Answer 46

epimysium

Question 47

The epimysium surrounds bundles of nerve cells that run in long fibers, called ______

Answer 47

fascicles

Question 48

The outermost layer of tissue surrounding the entire muscle.

Answer 48

Epimysium

Question 49

The middle layer surrounding bundles of muscle fibers.

Answer 49

Perimysium

Question 50

The innermost layer surrounding individual muscle fibers.

Answer 50

Endopysium

Question 51

three main muscles types

Answer 51

cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle

Question 52

basic unit of communication in the nervous system

Answer 52

nerve cell / neuron

Question 53

parts of neuron

Answer 53

axon, dendrites, cell body/soma

Question 54

resemble a tree or branches of a tree, extending from the cell body of the nerve cell

Answer 54

dendrites

Question 55

receiving part of the neuron

Answer 55

dendrites

Question 56

enclosed by a membrane which protects it, but also allows it to interact with its immediate surroundings

Answer 56

soma

Question 57

produces the proteins that the other parts of the neuron, including the dendrites, axons, and synapses, need to function properly

Answer 57

soma

Question 58

a long thin fiber , tail-like structure

Answer 58

axon

Question 59

specialized junction in the axon

Answer 59

axon hillock

Question 60

transmits electrical signals to help with sensory perception and movement

Answer 60

axon

Question 61

Transmit electrical impulses and information from the CNS ( central nervous system) to muscles in the body

Answer 61

motor neurons

Question 62

neurons that allow us to feel sensation

Answer 62

sensory neurons

Question 63

nerve cells that connect between motor neurons and sensory neuron

Answer 63

interneurons

Question 64

These neurons relay signals from the skin and muscles to the spinal cord. They are the primary neurons responsible for coordinating movement of the arms and legs using input from the brain.

Answer 64

Pseudo-unipolar neurons

Question 65

These neurons have a single long axon that is responsible for sending electrical signals.

Answer 65

Unipolar Neurons

Question 66

These neurons are able to receive impulses from multiple neurons via dendrites.

Answer 66

Multipolar Neurons

Question 67

These neurons send signals and receive information from the world.

Answer 67

Bipolar Neurons

Question 68

organism's reproductive cells

Answer 68

gametes / sex cells

Question 69

Female gametes

Answer 69

ova or egg cells

Question 70

male gametes

Answer 70

sperm cells

Question 71

how many chromosomes do sex cells have?

Answer 71

23

Question 72

what parts are in egg cells that aren’t in sperm cells?

Answer 72

cortical granules and zona pellucida

Question 73

diverse collection of organisms that do not fit into animal, plant, bacteria or fungi groups

Answer 73

protists

Question 74

Sexual Reproduction of Protists

Answer 74

Meiosis and Fertilization

Question 75

Asexual Reproduction of Protists

Answer 75

Binary Fission

Question 76

ingest, or engulf, bacteria and other small particles

Answer 76

ingestive protists

Question 77

protists that use light energy to make food

Answer 77

photosynthesis protists

Question 78

absorb food molecules across their cell membranes

Answer 78

absorptive protists

Question 79

process that absorptive protists use to absorb food

Answer 79

diffusion

Question 80

Animal-like protists

Answer 80

protozoa

Question 81

Plant-like protists

Answer 81

Algae

Question 82

single-celled algae

Answer 82

diatoms

Question 83

Fungus-like protists; absorptive feeders on decaying organic matter.

Answer 83

molds

Question 84

molds swarm, they fuse together to form a single cell with many nuclei.

Answer 84

acellular slime

Question 85

molds swarm, they remain as distinct cells.

Answer 85

cellular slime

Question 86

molds that are commonly found in moist soil and surface water

Answer 86

water molds

Question 87

eukaryotes with an enormous variety of body plans and, along with land plants and animals, are one of the major evolutionary lineages to occupy land

Answer 87

fungi

Question 88

microscopic cells or groups of cells that disperse from their parent fungus, usually through wind or water

Answer 88

spores

Question 89

A layer around the cell membrane of fungi cells made largely of chitin and other polysaccharides

Answer 89

cell wall

Question 90

thread-like strands which interconnect and bunch up into a mycelium; long thin strands that tangle together to make up the mycelium

Answer 90

hyphae

Question 91

fruiting body, which is the part of the fungus that produces spores

Answer 91

mushroom

Question 92

The main structure of a fungus

Answer 92

mycelium

Question 93

In mycorrhizal fungi, the place where the hyphae attach to plant roots

Answer 93

mycorrhiza

Question 94

organisms found in Chytridiomycota; are usually aquatic and microscopic

Answer 94

chytrids

Question 95

mainly terrestrial and feed off of plant detritus or decaying animal material

Answer 95

zygomycota

Question 96

often pathogens of plants and animals, including humans, in which they are responsible for infections like athlete’s foot, ringworm, and ergotism, which causes vomiting, convulsions, hallucinations, and sometimes even death

Answer 96

ascomycota

Question 97

produce sexual spores called basidiospores in cells called basidia

Answer 97

basidiomycota / basidiomycetes

Question 98

basidiomycetes are also called

Answer 98

club fungi