Repro qbank Flashcards
(35 cards)
Absence of distal small bowel with distal ileum seen winding around a thin vascular stalk
Apple peel atresia – usually due to SMA obstruction
Intestinal atresia distal to duodenum is due to vascular accidents in utero
Causes of elevated AFP
1) Dating error
2) Neural tube defect
Elevated hcG
Multiple gestation, hydatidiform mole, choriocharcinoma
Down syndrome and triple test
AFP low
Estriol low
hCG high
Edward syndrome (tri 18) triple test
All LOW!!
MEN 1
Parathyroid tumor, pancreatic tumor, pituitary tumor
Diamond shape!
MEN 2A
Medullary carcinoma of thyroid (parafollicular cells), pheochromocytoma, parathyroid tumor
Box shape with medullary carcinoma in middle
MEN 2B
Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (parafolicular), Pheochromocytoma, mucosal neuoroma (moutht stuff)
Triangle shape bc MEN2B would be men3 if it wasn’t b
3 edges to a triangle
Failure of neural crest migration
Hirschsprung
Define Ectopy
Functionally normal tissues/cells in abnormal location due to embryonic maldevelopment
(Meckel Diverticulum)
Squatting and cyanosis when having Tet attack
Increase afterload- shifts more blood into lungs
Cause of tet of Fallot, truncus arteriosus, and transposition of great vessels
3 major cyanotic heart disease caused by abnormal migration of NEURAL CREST CELLS through primitive truncus arteriosus and bulbus cordis
Primary oocyte arrest at what stage?
Prophase of meiosis I
Secondary oocyte arrest at what stage?
Metaphase II
Because they are ready “2 Meet” a sperm!
What is Lecithin to sphingomyelin ratio
Marker of fetal lung maturity
Values above 1.9 indicate mature fetal lungs
Glucocorticoids have the greatest effect of increase surfactant production
Fetal kidney development
Pronephros- 4th week, non fuctional and regresses
Mesenephros- 4th week, forms wolfian ducts in males and turns into male GU compotnents
MeTanephros- 5-6 weeks, forms a diverticulum called uretic bud that interacts with mesoderm to form metanephric vesciles (blestema) turns into collecting ducts, calices, renal pelvis, ureters, renal parenchyma
Most common cause of fetal hydronephrosis
Inadequate recanalization of ureteropelvic junction
Imperforate anus is associated with what
Isolated urogenital anomolies is most common- associated with GU malformations- urorectal, urovasical, urovaginal fistulas
Renal agenesis, hypospadia, epispadia, and bladder extrophy
VACTERL is less common
When is hCG detected in maternal circulation
8 day after ovulation
Blastocyst begin secreting 6 days after ovulation, but you can only detect once it fully implants
Neural Crest migration interruption during the last week of development (12)
Rectum is affected with Hirschsprung
NC migrate caudally (to tail) so rectum is always affected
Sigmoid colon is involved in 75% of cases
Calcified cystic brain tumor
Most likely craniopharyngioma
Contains yellow, viscous fluid rich in cholesterol crystals
Derived from remnants of rathke’s pouch (evagination of the ectoderm that lines fetal oral cavity
Vitelline ducts
Connect midgut lumen (ileum) with yolk sak in early embryo
Obliterated by week 7
Persistent vitelline duct- complete failure to close- meconium comes out of umbilicus
Meckel diverticulum- partial closure with patent potion attached to ileum
Vitelline sinus- partial closure with opening connected to umbilicus
Vitelline duct cyst- central part of vitelline duct remains- connected by fibrous band
Caudal regression syndrome
Sacral agenesis cause lower extremity paralysis and urinary incontinence
Associated with poorly controlled Diabetes
Epispadias
Abrnomal opening on dorsal urethra
Results from fault position of GENITAL TUBERCLE
