Reproduction

Question 1

Ovary

Answer 1

paired female reproductive systems made up of ovarioles

Question 2

Ovarioles

Answer 2

series of tapering egg tubes, the functional units of the ovary that contain a progression of the developing oocyte

Question 3

Oocyte

Answer 3

the female gamete that differentiates from oogonia

Question 4

Oogonia

Answer 4

originates from a germ cell and is a functional stem cell that develops into an oocyte (oocyte sometimes called cystocyte)

Question 5

Germarium

Answer 5

region of the ovariole -the anterior portion of the ovariole that contains the stem cell niche and developing cystocytes

Question 6

Germline stem cell

Answer 6

cells within the stem cell niche that undergo self-renewal and differentiation into gametes

Question 7

Ring Canals

Answer 7

cytoplasmic bridges that connect cystocytes together

Question 8

Vitellarium

Answer 8

a region of the ovariole and where the oocyte deposits yolk durinh vitellogenesis

Question 9

Follicular stalk

Answer 9

separates successive follicles. Made from prefollicular tissues

Question 10

Follicular epithelium

Answer 10

follicle cells that surrounds the oocyte and nurse cells. Produce yolk proteins, enzymes, ecdysone, vitelline envelope and chorion.

Question 11

Myotropins

Answer 11

molecules that coordinate the contraction of the ovariole and oviduct to move the egg through the reproductive tract. Secreted by neurosecretory cells

Question 12

Trophocyte/nurse cells

Answer 12

the cell that provides nourishment to the oocyte

Question 13

Calyx

Answer 13

expansion of lateral oviduct where ovarioles open together

Question 14

Spermathecae

Answer 14

where the sperm are stored until the time of fertilization (more permanent than the bursa)

Question 15

Vitellogenin

Answer 15

the major source of nutrients for the oocyte, and produced in the fat body, secreted into the hemolymph and deposited in the developing oocyte

Question 16

Vitellin

Answer 16

the storage form of vitellogenin and have been deposited into the cytoplasm after modification by the follicular epithelium

Question 17

Ovulation

Answer 17

the passage of the oocyte into the oviduct

Question 18

Panoistic ovariole

Answer 18

Ovariole in which the germarium contains only oogonia, primary oocytes and mesodermal prefollicular tissue. (no nurse cells)

Question 19

Meroistic ovariole

Answer 19

ovariole in which oogonia produce oocytes and nurse cells (Hemiptera and holometabola)

Question 20

Telotrophic ovariole

Answer 20

type of meroistic ovariole in which all the nurse cells remain in the germarium, nurse cells (trophocytes) continue to divide and are connected to the central region called the trophic core (Hemiptera, & Coleoptera)

Question 21

Polytrophic ovariole

Answer 21

type of meroistic ovariole in which the nurse cells are packed together with the oocyte and enclosed within the follicle (Holometabola)

Question 22

Neopanoistic ovariole

Answer 22

ovariole that has secondarily lost its nurse cells by the development of all cystocytes into oocytes or follicle cells

Question 23

Ovoviviparity

Answer 23

the egg/embryo stays inside the mother, who provides nutrients until the embryo matures (Ex: Tsetse fly)

Question 24

Oviparity

Answer 24

nutrients (yolk) are packaged into the egg and the developing embryo uses them after the egg is laid (Ex: Most insects)

Question 25

Viviparity

Answer 25

female gives live birth, offspring hatch within females body

Question 26

Parthenogenesis

Answer 26

eggs develop without fertilization

Question 27

Autogeny

Answer 27

producing eggs without a meal

Question 28

Accessory glands

Answer 28

produce glue for attaching eggs to substrate, sometimes produce ootheca

Question 29

Lipophorin

Answer 29

shuttle molecules that transfer lipids from one tissue to another through the aqueous hemolymph and are deposited within the oocyte.

Question 30

Receptor mediated endocytosis

Answer 30

how vitellogenin is moved into the oocyte membrane

Question 31

Juvenile hormone

Answer 31

– regulates patency by increase the activity of the follicle cells

Question 32

Yolk polypeptides (YPPs)

Answer 32

the name for the version of drosophila vitellogenins

Question 33

Vitellin

Answer 33

storage form of vitellogenin

Question 34

Chorion

Answer 34

eggshell

Question 35

Micropyle

Answer 35

the hole where sperm can enter the egg on the anterior end

Question 36

Aeropyles

Answer 36

pores open to the outside that can trap air. Restrict the passage of water

Question 37

Operculum

Answer 37

a cap that opens to allow the larvae to exit

Question 38

Bicoid + hunchback

Answer 38

determine the anterior portion of the oocyte

Question 39

Caudal + nanos

Answer 39

determine the posterior portion of the oocyte

Question 40

Blastoderm

Answer 40

A continuous layer of cells that surrounds the egg early during embryogenesis, derived from the energids that migrate to the periphery.

Question 41

Vitellophages

Answer 41

an extra embryonic cell that digests the yolk stored within the egg that is used for embryogenesis

Question 42

Gastrulation

Answer 42

– during embryonic development, the formation of the gastrula from endoderm

Question 43

Eclosion

Answer 43

the act of emerging from the pupal case

Question 44

Energids

Answer 44

daughter nuclei from the mitotic division of zygote nucleus during meroblastic cleavage, surrounded by an island of cytoplasm

Question 45

Germ band

Answer 45

the region of thickened blastoderm cells that becomes the embryo later in development and represents the future ventral region

Question 46

Ectoderm

Answer 46

the outer germ layer of the embryo

Question 47

Endoderm

Answer 47

the inner germ layer of the embryo that gives rise to the midgut

Question 48

Mesoderm

Answer 48

the middle embryonic layer of tissue that is derived from the interaction between the ectoderm and endoderm

Question 49

Gap gene set

Answer 49

defines regions within the A-P and D-V context

Question 50

Pair rule gene

Answer 50

genes that are expressed in stripes along the embryonic blastoderm in a periodicity that corresponds to every other parasegment

Question 51

Segment polarity gene

Answer 51

developmental gene that determine anterior posterior borders of the segment

Question 52

Hox genes

Answer 52

regulate structures unique to specific segments that become the three body regions

Question 53

Amnioserosa

Answer 53

- represents an extraembryonic epithelium, it does not contribute to any embryonic tissue and is therefore not assigned to any of the germ layers

Question 54

Serosa

Answer 54

the extra embryonic ectoderm after it is detached from the germ band

Question 55

Fate map

Answer 55

a map of precise sites on the embryonic blastoderm that corresponds with anatomical structures later in development

Question 56

Long germ band

Answer 56

– a type of embryonic development where the pattern of segmentation is established by the end of the blastoderm stage. The embryo takes up most of the egg

Question 57

Short germ band

Answer 57

a type of embryonic development where the blastoderm is short and the embryo is located in the posterior ventral region