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Biology Rev 4th Form > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

What type of reproduction do plants do?

A

Asexual

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2
Q

What type of reproduction do humans/animals do?

A

Sexual

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3
Q

Define reproduction?

A

Making of a new organism

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4
Q

What is a gamete?

A

Sex Cell

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5
Q

Give 5 properties of asexual reproduction?

A
  • no gametes are involved
  • produces clones genetically identical to parents
  • only one parent is necessary
  • only mitosis occurs
  • produces no variation
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6
Q

Give 4 properties of sexual reproduction?

A
  • uses gametes
  • produces genetically unique offspring
  • two parents are necessary
  • mitosis and meiosis is involved
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7
Q

Name all 8 parts of a leaf?

A

Anther, Filament, Petal, Stigma, Style, Ovary, Sepal and Stem

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8
Q

Define pollination?

A

Transfer of pollen from another anther to stigma

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9
Q

Give all 4 properties of wind pollinated leave?

A
  • filaments on outside
  • stamens and stigma exposed (outside of petals)
  • Petals are dull coloured and small
  • No nectaries
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10
Q

Give all 4 properties of insect pollinated leave?

A
  • Filaments, stigma and stamen are inside of the petals
  • Petals are large and bright covered
  • Stigma is sticky
  • Contains nectaries
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11
Q

What is the process known as when a pollen fuses with the egg?

A

Fertilisation

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12
Q

What will the ovule become after fertilisation?

A

A seed

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13
Q

What does the ovary do after a seed is made?

A

Swells up becoming a fruit

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14
Q

Name the 3 properties of a seed?

A
  • Ovule wall
  • Zygote
  • Large amounts of starch and protein
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15
Q

Name all the parts of the female reproductive system?

A
  • Oviduct
  • Ovary
  • Uterus
  • Cervix
  • Vagina
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16
Q

Name all the parts of the male reproductive system?

A
  • Bladder
  • Testes
  • Sperm Duct
  • Penis
  • Scrotum
  • Seminal vesicle
  • Urethra
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17
Q

What will the male produce in sexual intercourse?

A

Sperm

18
Q

What does the word menstrual cycle mean?

A

Monthly

19
Q

What occurs in the middle of the menstrual cycle?

A

Ovulation occurs, an egg is released

20
Q

What happens if fertilisation doesn’t occur in the female?

A

Lining of the uterus is lost

21
Q

What happens from day 0 - 5 in the menstrual cycle?

A

Lining breaks down

22
Q

What happens from day 5 - 12 in the menstrual cycle?

A

Lining builds back up and an egg is released

23
Q

What happens from day 12 - 21 in the menstrual cycle?

A

The lining is maintained

24
Q

Name the hormones in a female for reproduction?

A

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Oestrogen
Luteinising hormone (LH)
Progesterone

25
Q

What does the Follicle stimulating hormone do and where is it made?

A

Pituitary gland –> makes eggs mature in the ovary

26
Q

What does Oestrogen do and where is it made?

A

Ovary –> causes uterus lining to thicken

27
Q

What does the Luteinising hormone do and where is it made?

A

Pituitary gland –> Causes egg to be released

28
Q

What does Progesterone do and where is it made?

A

Ovary –> keeps the lining thick maintaining it

29
Q

Name all the adaptation of the placenta? ( 4 points)

A
  • A large surface area between it and the uterus wall.
  • Villi which further increase the surface area of the
    placenta.
  • A good blood supply.
  • Thin wall for a short diffusion distance
30
Q

Adaptations of sperm? (3 points)

A
  • A tail to move them towards an egg cell.
  • Many mitochondria to release energy for movement.
  • Part of the tip of the head of the sperm releases enzymes
    to digest the egg membrane to allow fertilisation to take
    place.
31
Q

How many chromosomes does a diploid cell have?

A

46 chromosomes

32
Q

How many chromosomes does a Haploid cell have?

A

23 Chromosomes

33
Q

How many cells are created by mitosis?

A

2 daughter cells

34
Q

How do the daughter cells after mitosis compare to their parent cells?

A

They are genetically identical

35
Q

How many chromosomes do the daughter cells have in mitosis?

A

46 chromosomes

36
Q

What is mitosis used for?

A

Replacement, repair and growth

37
Q

How many times does the parent cell divide in mitosis?

A

Once

38
Q

What is the use of meiosis?

A

To produce sex cells

39
Q

How many time do the parent cells divide in meiosis?

A

Twice

40
Q

How do the daughter cells after meiosis compare to their parent cells?

A

Genetically unidentical

41
Q

What cells does meiosis make?

A

Haploid cells
–> Sperm (Male gamete)
–> Egg (Female gamete)
–> Pollen

Biology Rev 4th Form (7 decks)

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