Reproduction

Question 1

what are these examples of:
Produces clones
* Binary fission
* Budding
* Fragmentation
* Parthenogenesis

Answer 1

Asexual reproduction

Question 2

Uses meiotic cell division &
fertilization

Answer 2

sexual reproduction

Question 3

halves the number
of chromosomes; produces
gametes (or spores)

Answer 3

meiosis

Question 4

combines two gametes to create a diploid zygote

Answer 4

fertilization

Question 5

What are the two kinds of gametes many species produce

Answer 5

spermatozoa (sperm) or ova (eggs)

Question 6

Fusion of gametes results in a
zygote that grows into an___________

Answer 6

embryo

Question 7

What is the two fold cost of sex

Answer 7

 Time and energy to
find a mate
 Fewer offspring per
reproductive cycle

Question 8

Aquatic vertebrates (fish &
amphibians) Use _____________

Answer 8

external fertilization

Question 9

May broadcast spawn
 May come close together to
increase the chance of
fertilization

Answer 9

external fertilization

Question 10

Terrestrial vertebrates (reptiles,
birds, mammals) Use ____________

Answer 10

internal fertilization

Question 11

 Also used by some aquatic
animals
 Adaptation to reproduction
outside of water, the amniotic
egg, or increased chance of
fertilization

Answer 11

internal fertilization

Question 12

r-strategist

Answer 12

high reproduction rate
-less parental investment
-low survival rate

Question 13

k-strategist

Answer 13

low reproduction rate
-high parental investment
-high survival rate

Question 14

Evolved to allow terrestrial animals
to lay eggs outside of water

Answer 14

amniotic egg

Question 15

reproductive methods for amniotic egg

Answer 15

oviparity
ovoviviparity
viviparity

Question 16

lay eggs

Answer 16

oviparity

Question 17

internal egg hatching

Answer 17

ovoviviparity

Question 18

live birth mammals use a placenta

Answer 18

viviparity

Question 19

male gametes are produced in the _______

Answer 19

testes

Question 20

Anatomy of a male gamete

Answer 20

-head
-neck
-tail

Question 21

head of gamete is called ___________ which contains enzymes
that can penetrate the outer
coating of the egg

Answer 21

acrosome

Question 22

neck of gamete contains mostly __________

Answer 22

mitochondria

Question 23

tail of gamete contains _________used for locomotion

Answer 23

flagellum

Question 24

eggs are produced in the _________

Answer 24

ovaries

Question 25

where do the eggs travel

Answer 25

Travels through the oviduct (or fallopian tube)

Question 26

where does fertilization occur

Answer 26

oviduct

Question 27

Hypothalamus releases___________

Answer 27

gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Question 28

gonadotropin-releasing hormone triggers the release of _________

Answer 28

LH and FSH

Question 29

LH and FSH triggers the release of ________ , ________, and _______

Answer 29

-testosterone -estrogen -progesterone

Question 30

_______and ________ control the development of secondary sexual characteristics

Answer 30

-testosterone -estrogen

Question 31

______ and _________control the menstrual cycle in females

Answer 31

-estrogen -progesterone

Question 32

When women attain a post- reproductive age, _______ results from a decrease of estradiol and progesterone from the ovaries

Answer 32

menopause

Question 33

Most non-human placental mammals have an __________ during which females are reproductively receptive. This generally occurs less frequently than in primates.

Answer 33

estrus cycle

Question 34

In the female reproductive tract, sperm undergo_________

Answer 34

capacitation

Question 35

 Increase motility  Loss of membrane proteins  Change in plasma membrane fluidity

Answer 35

capacitation

Question 36

After fertilization, the oocyte completes meiosis II, and undergoes changes that prevent ________

Answer 36

polyspermy

Question 37

fertilization by more than one sperm  Changes to the zygote membrane to become impassable to sperm

Answer 37

polyspermy

Question 38

solid ball of cells

Answer 38

morula

Question 39

fluid-filled ball of cells Implantation marks the beginning of Pregnancy

Answer 39

blastula

Question 40

The inner cell mass of the blastocyst becomes the _______

Answer 40

embryo

Question 41

outer cell mass becomes the ________

Answer 41

placenta

Question 42

the process by which a gastrula forms from a blastula.

Answer 42

gastrulation

Question 43

ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

Answer 43

gastrulation

Question 44

The trilaminar embryo then undergoes ________, during which the organs are formed

Answer 44

Organogenesis

Question 45

a cell in an ovary which may undergo meiotic division to form an ovum.

Answer 45

oocyte