Reproduction

Question 1

What structure prevents multiple sperm from fertilizing the egg?

Answer 1

Zona pellucida.

Question 2

What is the acrosome reaction?

Answer 2

The release of enzymes from the sperm to penetrate the egg.

Question 3

What is the role of LH in males?

Answer 3

Stimulates testosterone production from Leydig cells.

Question 4

What is the role of FSH in males?

Answer 4

Stimulates spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules.

Question 5

What hormone maintains male secondary sexual characteristics?

Answer 5

Testosterone.

Question 6

What is the role of the scrotum?

Answer 6

To keep testes at a temperature lower than body temperature for optimal sperm production.

Question 7

Where is the prostate located?

Answer 7

Below the bladder, surrounding the urethra.

Question 8

What is the function of bulbourethral glands?

Answer 8

Secrete pre-ejaculate fluid for lubrication.

Question 9

What part of the sperm contains enzymes to penetrate the egg?

Answer 9

The acrosome.

Question 10

How many chromosomes are in a human gamete?

Answer 10

23.

Question 11

What is the term for a fertilized egg?

Answer 11

Zygote.

Question 12

What hormone is essential to maintain pregnancy in the early stages?

Answer 12

hCG.

Question 13

What structure produces hCG?

Answer 13

The embryo/placenta.

Question 14

What is the corpus luteum?

Answer 14

A hormone-secreting structure formed from the follicle after ovulation.

Question 15

What happens to the corpus luteum if pregnancy occurs?

Answer 15

It is maintained by hCG.

Question 16

What is the endometrium?

Answer 16

The inner lining of the uterus.

Question 17

What phase of the cycle is progesterone highest?

Answer 17

Luteal phase.

Question 18

Which phase is estrogen dominant?

Answer 18

Follicular phase.

Question 19

What is an anovulatory cycle?

Answer 19

A cycle where ovulation does not occur.

Question 20

What condition is associated with irregular cycles and hormonal imbalance?

Answer 20

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).

Question 21

What is amenorrhea?

Answer 21

Absence of menstruation.

Question 22

What is menorrhagia?

Answer 22

Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding.

Question 23

What is dysmenorrhea?

Answer 23

Painful menstruation.

Question 24

What is PMS?

Answer 24

Premenstrual syndrome, with physical and emotional symptoms.

Question 25

What is menopause?

Answer 25

Permanent cessation of menstruation.

Question 26

What hormone declines at menopause?

Answer 26

Estrogen.

Question 27

What are hot flashes?

Answer 27

Sudden feelings of heat, a common menopause symptom.

Question 28

What is the function of oxytocin during childbirth?

Answer 28

Stimulates uterine contractions.

Question 29

What hormone promotes milk production?

Answer 29

Prolactin.

Question 30

What hormone promotes milk ejection?

Answer 30

Oxytocin.

Question 31

What triggers the start of puberty?

Answer 31

Increased release of GnRH.

Question 32

What is GnRH?

Answer 32

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone.

Question 33

Where is GnRH produced?

Answer 33

Hypothalamus.

Question 34

What are gonads?

Answer 34

Organs that produce gametes – ovaries and testes.

Question 35

What are secondary sexual characteristics?

Answer 35

Traits that emerge at puberty not directly related to reproduction.

Question 36

What is a follicle?

Answer 36

An ovarian structure containing an immature egg.

Question 37

What is the Graafian follicle?

Answer 37

The mature follicle that releases an egg.

Question 38

What is ovulation?

Answer 38

Release of an egg from the ovary.

Question 39

What is fertilization?

Answer 39

Union of sperm and egg.

Question 40

What is implantation?

Answer 40

Attachment of the blastocyst to the uterine lining.

Question 41

What is the placenta?

Answer 41

Organ that nourishes the fetus and removes waste.

Question 42

What is the amniotic sac?

Answer 42

A fluid-filled sac that protects the developing fetus.

Question 43

What is gestation?

Answer 43

The period of development from fertilization to birth.

Question 44

What is a trimester?

Answer 44

One of three 3-month periods in pregnancy.

Question 45

What is lactation?

Answer 45

Production and secretion of milk.

Question 46

What is colostrum?

Answer 46

First milk produced, rich in antibodies.

Question 47

What is a pap smear?

Answer 47

Test to detect cervical cancer.

Question 48

What is endometriosis?

Answer 48

Disorder where uterine lining grows outside the uterus.

Question 49

What is IVF?

Answer 49

In vitro fertilization, an assisted reproduction technique.

Question 50

What is a vasectomy?

Answer 50

Surgical sterilization of the male by cutting the vas deferens.

Question 51

What is tubal ligation?

Answer 51

Surgical sterilization of the female by blocking fallopian tubes.

Question 52

What is the role of the pituitary gland in reproduction?

Answer 52

Releases FSH and LH.

Question 53

What is the perineum?

Answer 53

Area between the vulva/scrotum and anus.

Question 54

What is the clitoris?

Answer 54

Female erectile tissue with many nerve endings.

Question 55

What is the urethra?

Answer 55

Tube for urine excretion from the bladder.

Question 56

What structure shares a passage for urine and semen in males?

Answer 56

The urethra.

Question 57

What are the labia?

Answer 57

Folds of skin protecting the external genitalia.

Question 58

What is puberty?

Answer 58

Developmental phase of becoming sexually mature.

Question 59

What is a zygote?

Answer 59

A fertilized egg cell.

Question 60

What is a blastocyst?

Answer 60

A structure formed in early development that implants in the uterus.