Reproduction and inheritance

Question 1

What are the parts of the carpel (the female reproductive organs of a plant) and their function?

Answer 1

The stigma –> where the pollen is received
The style –> holds the stigma
The ovary –> contains the ovules
The ovules –>the female gamete

Question 2

What are the parts of the stamen (the male reproductive organs in a plant) and their function?

Answer 2

The anther –> holds the pollen (male gamete)
The filament –> holds the anther

Question 3

What are different types of natural asexual reproduction method in plants?

Answer 3

runners
tubers
bulbs

Question 4

What are runners?

Answer 4

They are horizontal stems from the parent body. That are planted in the ground to form a new plant (used in strawberries)

Question 5

What are bulbs?

Answer 5

a short stem surrounded by thick leaves containing food. They are planted underground and new shoots are formed. (used for onions, tulips,…)

Question 6

What are cuttings?

Answer 6

When a leaf, stem or root is cut off from a plant and replanted to form an offspring. After a while it grows roots and the plant (used for roses, tomatoes,…)

Question 7

What are different types of artificial asexual reproduction in plants?


Answer 7

Grafting
Cuttings

Question 8

Advantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 8

Faster
If there is no mate available the species doesn’t disappear
Beneficial traits are passed down the generations.

Question 9

Disadvantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 9

Any bad traits or diseases will be passed on to the next generation.
Reduces genetic diversity
If there is an undesirable condition the whole species will disappear.
Populations increases quickly leading to competition.

Question 10

Advantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 10

Genetic variation
Adaptation and natural selection happens
Some variation will be disease resistant

Question 11

Disadvantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 11

slower process
requires 2 parents
slower population growth

Question 12

What is homozygous?

Answer 12

When an organism has 2 identical alleles (AA or aa)

Question 13

What is heterozygous?

Answer 13

When an organism has 2 different alleles (only Aa)

Question 14

What is mutation?

Answer 14

A mutation is a random change in the base sequence of DNA that can result in a new allele.

Question 15

What is the placenta?

Answer 15

An organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy, that allows the diffusion of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the mother and the fetus.

Question 16

What is the scrotum?

Answer 16

Holds the testes outside the body to maintain a lower temperature

Question 17

What is the penis?

Answer 17

Allows internal fertilization to occur.

Question 18

What are the testes?

Answer 18

where male gametes are produced

Question 19

What is the urethra?

Answer 19

Allows the passage of urine and sperm + semen out of the male body

Question 20

What is the seminal vesicle?

Answer 20

Produces semen to provide a fluid for the sperm to swim in

Question 21

What is the vas deferens?

Answer 21

Sperm duct allows sperm to reach the urethra

Question 22

What is the epididymis?

Answer 22

A coiled tube where sperm mature before ejaculation

Question 23

What is the cervix?

Answer 23

Found at the base of the uterus, allows sperm to pass into the uterus and dilates during labor to allow the baby to be born

Question 24

What is the uterus?

Answer 24

Allows the development of the fetus

Question 26

What is the fallopian tube?

Answer 26

Allows the egg cells to be fertilized and the zygote to move to the uterus to implant

Question 27

What is the endometrium?

Answer 27

Wall of the uterus where the placenta will embed itself

Question 28

What is the structure of DNA called?

Answer 28

double helix

Question 29

What is mitosis used for?

Answer 29

Growth and repair

Question 30

What is meiosis used for?

Answer 30

Making gametes

Question 31

What type of reproduction is mitosis involved in?

Answer 31

Asexual reproduction

Question 32

What type of reproduction is meiosis involved in?

Answer 32

Sexual reproduction

Question 33

Number of chromosomes in daughter cells after mitosis?

Answer 33

Diploid number (same as the parent cell)

Question 34

Number of chromosomes in daughter cells after meiosis?

Answer 34

Haploid number (half the parent cell)

Question 35

How many daughter cells are produced in mitosis?

Answer 35

2

Question 36

How many daughter cells are produced in meiosis?

Answer 36

4

Question 37

How many cell divisions occur in mitosis?

Answer 37

1

Question 38

How many cell divisions occur in meiosis?

Answer 38

2

Question 39

Does mitosis cause genetic variation?

Answer 39

No

Question 40

Does meiosis cause genetic variation?

Answer 40

Yes

Question 41

Cotyledon:

Answer 41

A seed leaf found inside the seed that stores food for the growing plant.

Question 42

Monocotyledons (Monocots):

Answer 42

Plants that have one cotyledon in their seeds (e.g. grasses, maize).

Question 43

Dicotyledons (Dicots):

Answer 43

Plants that have two cotyledons in their seeds (e.g. beans, sunflower).

Question 44

Seedling:

Answer 44

A young plant that has just started to grow from a seed after germination.

Question 45

Embryo:

Answer 45

The tiny baby plant inside the seed, made up of a root, shoot, and one or two cotyledons.